Unit coal and the composition of coal ash

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UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS BULLETIN

Vol. VI. AUGUST 9, 1909 No. 43

(Entered Feb. 14, 1902, at Urbana, 111., as second-class matter under Act of Congress July 16, 18841

BULLETIN NO, 37

UNIT COAL AND THE COMPOSITION
OF COAL ASH

BY

S. W. PARR

AND

W. F. WHEELER

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION

URBANA, ILLINOIS

PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY

TiHE Engineering Experiment Station was established
by action of the Board of Trustees December 8, 1903.
It is the purpose of the Station to carry on investiga-
tions along various lines of engineering and to study
problems of importance to professional engineers and to the
manufacturing, railway, mining, constructional, and industrial
interests of the State.

The control of the Engineering Experiment Station is
vested in the heads of the several departments of the College of
Engineering. These constitute the Station Staff, and with the
Director, determine the character of the investigations to be
undertaken. The work is carried on under the supervision of
the Staff; sometimes by a research fellow as graduate work,
sometimes by a member of the instructional force of the College
of Engineering, but more frequently by an investigator belong-
ing to the Station corps.

The results of these investigations are published in the
form of bulletins, which record mostly the experiments of the
Station's own staff of investigators. There will also be issued
from time to time in the form of circulars, compilations giving
the results of the experiments of engineers, industrial works,
technical institutions, and governmental testing departments.

The volume and number at the top of the title page of the
cover are merely arbitrary numbers and refer to the general
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given the number of the Engineering Experiment Station bulle-
tin or circular, which should be used in referring to these pub-
lications.

For copies of bulletins, circulars or other information,
address the Engineering Experiment Station, Urbana, Illinois.

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION

BULLETIN No. 37 AUGUST 1909

UNIT COAL AND THE COMPOSITION OF COAL ASH

BY S. W. .PARR, PROFESSOR OF APPLIED CHEMISTRY

AND

W. F. WHEELER, FIRST ASSISTANT, DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY,
ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION

CONTENTS

Page

I. Introduction 2

II. Historical Keview 2

III. Experimental Data 6

IV. Ash Composition 19

V. Summary 33

VI. Conclusion 35

VII. Tabulation of Calcul ated Values for Unit Coal 36

Appendix A 49

Appendix B 55

2 ILLINOIS ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION

I. INTRODUCTION1

It was recognized at the very outset of these experiments on
coal, which were begun in the Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry,
University of Illinois, about the year 1897, that much value would
attach to any device or method which would make it possible to
study the properties, composition, heat values, etc., of the pure
coal substance as distinct from the non-coal material with which
it is associated. While much data of a general nature accumu-
lated from year to year, having more or less bearing upon this
subject, it was not until recent months that a definite study of the
problem was undertaken. It is the purpose of this paper to pre-
sent the results of these investigations upon the properties and
more definite determination of actual or unit coal. By unit coal
is meant the organic material which is involved in combustion as
apart from the mineral constituents which are the extraneous and
variable accompaniments of the actual or unit coal.

II. HISTORICAL KEVIEW

A number of investigators have worked on various phases of
this topic. Lord and Haas, who were no doubt the first in the
field, have developed the idea that in any given type of coal, or
perhaps, less broadly, in any given deposit of coal, there exists an
initial substance, with certain uniformities as to calorific value,
which might make it possible to calculate the heat units for any
sample whose source as to locality was known.

From numerous analyses of Pennsylvania and Ohio coals,
Lord and Haas draw a comparison between the heat values as de-
rived by Du Long's formula, the Mahler calorimeter, and those cal-
culated from unit value which they designate as H, and describe
as being the value for the ash, water and sulphur-free substance.
They find the sulphur to be a disturbing element and correct for it
in a partial manner only. However, they state as their conclusion
that "On comparing the results, seam by seam, it would appear

Credit is due Mr. W. F. Wheeler for the greater part of the work em-
bodied in this bulletin. Mr. Wheeler died November 18, 1909.

PARK\- WHEELER — UNIT COAL AND COAL ASH 3

that the actual coal of a given seam, at least over considerable
areas, may be regarded as essentially of uniform heating value."1
The expression "actual coal" presumably refers to this same
initial or unit substance free from extraneous matter, such as
ash, moisture and sulphur. The same idea is evidently intended
in the quotation below, though the same qualification as to "act-
ual coal" is not used, thus, "The results of our tests seem to indi-
cate the interesting conclusion that the character of a coal seam,
so far as its fuel value is concerned, is a nearly constant quantity
over considerable areas. The determination of the value tfor
seams would be of great use, as the rapid proximate analysis, or,
for that matter, merely the determination of ash and moisture
in low sulphur coals, would be sufficient to grade coals of the
same vein. Of course, it is dangerous to argue from so few
samples, but the proposition seems reasonable. At least, we hope
that further work may confirm these conclusions."

Kent, in discussing this paper, in the same volume, page 946,
says, "The conclusions of the authors that the 'actual' coal (mois-
ture and ash excluded) of a given seam over considerable areas,
may be regarded as of uniform heating value, is one of great prac-
tical importance. I have held the same opinion tentatively for a
long time . . . . "

Contemporaneous with the work of Lord and Haas was that
of W. A. Noyes.2 As a result of 21 calorimetric determinations
on Indiana and Pittsburgh bituminous coals, he says, "The
heating effect may be found, in all cases examined, with a maxi-
mum error of 2 per cent, by the following rule : Subtract from 100
the per cents of moisture, ash, and one half the per cent of sul-
phur, and multiply the remainder by 80.7. The product will be
the heating effect of the coal burned to vapor of water, expressed
in calories."

Whatever value may have attached to these propositions, the
matter seems to have lain more or less dormant until the subject

lfrrans. Am. Inst. Min. Eng. 27; 259, 1898.
2Jour. Amer. Chem. Soc. 20; 285, 1898.

4 ILLINOIS ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION

was brought again to the surface by Mr. A. Bement, who has in
numerous articles insisted upon its great practical value, as, for
example, referring to the advantage of having certain units of
reference, he says, "The possibility of the more extended use of
constants is presented and the author urges the feasibility of con-
sidering the pure coal compositions as constants for a coal seam
or particular locality of such seams. This possibility has been
suggested, principally by the fact that the heating power of the
pure coal from a general locality does not vary over greater limits
than that of the calorimetric method, and he has been able to
employ it as a constant in calculating the heating power of dry
and moist coal, having determined only moisture and ash, and
obtained results that check with calorimetric determinations made
on the same samples. The author, however, does not claim orig-
inality in this observation, but does insist that the use of such
constants is of advantage. . . .This view concedes that coal from a
certain locality or seam does not vary in quality, but that the
variation is due to the presence of ash and moisture which are
impurities associated with the coal."1

In a subsequent paper,2 he argues for the same constancy
of values when referred to the pure coal basis. These considera-
tions have, no doubt, led Mr. Bement and others to adopt the
term "pure coal" as expressive of this idea of constancy in the
"ash and water-free" substance, in addition to the fact of its be-
ing a more compact and convenient term to use.

In all of these discussions relating to the uniformity of val-
ues for the actual coal, it is evident that if there are any con-
stituents that fail of recognition to the extent that they are not
included among the factors for mineral or non-coal material, but
on the contrary, are included in the actual coal substance, then
the question arises as to whether we yet have a fair basis of ref-
erence for drawing conclusions as to the constancy or the degree
of agreement which we may properly credit to the actual coal
constituent.

Mour. Am. Chem. Soc. 28; 636.

2Jour. Western Society of Engineers 11; 757.

PARR -WHEELER — UNIT COAL AND COAL ASH 5

For example, the coals of the Mississippi Valley may have
as high as 4 or even 8 per cent of sulphur. Indeed, variations of 1
to 3 per cent may be possible within the product from the same
mine, especially where the washing of the coal is in vogue. Now
if this variable is counted as part of the "actual coal," it by so
much prohibits any uniformity of heat values being credited to
this hypothetical substance we call "unit coal." This phase of
the subject was touched upon in the discussion1 accompanying
the paper by Mr. Bement already mentioned. It was there urged
that not only the sulphur, but certain volatile constituents were
present which escaped determination as part of the ash, and were,
therefore, included in the actual coal, thus introducing a variable
which prevented accurate study of that substance. Shortly after-
ward, analytical evidence in support of this idea was developed
by Mr. Wheeler,2 and the results of his investigation were pub-
lished in 1908. The essential point developed in that work was
the evidence of the existence of a non-coal constituent which by
the ordinary methods of analysis not only escapes recognition and
measurement, but is counted as part of the true coal substance.
This is the water of hydration or other volatile matter chemi-
cally combined with the mineral or ash substance in such a man-
ner as to be driven off only at a red heat. For example, if the shale
content of the ash has 8 per cent combined water, and the same is
not counted with the ash but as part of the "volatile combustible,"
here is a variable which by so far keeps us from coming at the
correct value for the actual or unit coal. Similar variables would
accompany the presence of gypsum whose water of crystalliza-
tion in the process of analysis would take its place as part of the
pure coal substance. Calcium carbonate also would afford a
similar variable in so far as it would lose carbon dioxide in the
process of analysis. It should be noted here that Taylor and
Brinsmaid have proposed a graphical method for arriving at
unit coal values which, though empirical and consequently indi-

; Jour. Western Society of Engineers 11; p. 762, 1906.
2Trans. Am. Inst. Min. Engs., Vol. 38, p. 621, 1908.

6 ILLINOIS ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION

rect in character, is very ingeniously devised and no doubt is of
much practical value.1

III. EXPERIMENTAL DATA

It is the purpose of this paper to present the results of our
own investigations, together with such applications as the data
at hand will permit, in the hope that the facts presented may in-
dicate the possibility of arriving directly at the determination of
all of the non-coal or mineral constituents, including those more
volatile mineral compounds which have heretofore been associat-
ed in analytical processes with the fuel. The fact should be es-
pecially emphasized that it has been the purpose of the investi-
gation to arrive, first, at an exact determination of the inorganic
component of the coal as distinct from the organic material, and,
second, to study the constancy of composition of this organic sub-
stance as indicated by its heat content. Only in this manner can
we arrive at a conclusion as to whether or not it has properties
which will warrant its use as a fuel unit. Manifestly, therefore,
the sulphur should be excluded from this unit. In so far as sul-
phur occurs in the form of iron pyrites, and this includes the ma-
jor part, it is extraneous in character and bears no constant ratio
to the amount of organic matter present.

For the purpose of illustrating by specific instances the ef-
fect of including such variable constituents as sulphur, etc., in
the combustible matter, instead of in the ash, and so allowing
them to augment falsely the actual coal substance, the following
experimental procedure was followed :

A given sample of the coal was separated into two divisions
of high and low ash content in a solution of zinc sulphate of 1.35
specific gravity, whereby that part of the coal with low ash and
less pyrites was separated by floating from the heavier particles
with higher ash and more sulphur, the latter sinking to the bot-
tom. Now, upon the hypothesis that the "actual coal" in these

Mour. Ind. and Engrg. Chem. Vol. 1, Feb. 1909.

PARR -WHEELER — UNIT COAL AND COAL ASH 7

two divisions of the same sample should have the same heat val-
ue, the subjoined table is arranged to show what widely divergent
values may be indicated by reason of different methods of ar-
riving at the "actual coal7' constituent. If everything excepting
the ash as weighed and the moisture be credited to this material,
there will result unit values, as shown under column (a) of the
subjoined Table 1, which is the "pure coal" of Mr. Bement. If
we take out the heat due to sulphur, and correct the remaining
value for ash as determined, plus moisture, plus all of the sul-
phur, there will result values as shown in column (&), which
would be the results as derived by means of the method of Lord
and Haas. If we calculate the indicated values to the material
as free from ash and moisture and correct also for one-half of
the sulphur, there will result values, as shown under column (c),
which would conform to the method as suggested by Dr. Noyes.

In column (d) we have results from the method of calcu-
lation which subtracts the heat due to the sulphur, corrects the
ash for the sulphur, and also adds a uniform amount for hydra-
tion or volatile inorganic matter, amounting to 8 per cent calcu-
lated upon the corrected ash free from iron pyrites, assuming all
of the sulphur to be in that form. A tabular statement, therefore,
for these four different methods of calculation would be as fol-
lows:
(a) According to Bement

B. t. u. as indicated

1.00 — (Moisture+Ash as weighed)
(6) According to Lord and Haas

B. t. u. — 4050 S

1.00 — (Moisture+Ash as weigh ed+ Sulphur)

(c) According to Noyes

B. t. u. as indicated

1.00 — (Moisture + Ash as weighed + 1/2 Sulphur)

(d) According to Parr and Wheeler

B. t. u. — 5000 S

1.00 — [Moisture + Ash + 5/8 S + .08 (Ash — 10/8 S) ]

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PARR -WHEELER — UNIT COAL AND COAL ASH 11

The method of deriving a formula embodying the conditions
prescribed under (d) would be as follows:

First, with reference to the subtraction of the heat due to the
sulphur. It should be borne in mind that the purposes of this
study are (1), to arrive at the actual weight of unit coal as rep-
resented by the expression 1.00 — (all non-coal constituents), and
(2) to derive the actual heat per unit weight to be credited to this
material, by dividing the indicated heat for this substance by
the weight which produces it. Hence, for this particular pur-
pose, the sulphur must be eliminated, both as to its heat value and
as to its weight in the material whose value is sought for. This
procedure may not suit the purpose of the engineer who has in
mind only the available heat without reference to its source, but
that is a matter quite apart from the facts which it is the pur-
pose of this discussion to establish.

Second, the expression 5000 S has been used as indicating
the heat due to the combustion of the sulphur, for the reason that
the value 4050 S, as used in formula ( b ) represents the heat of
combustion for pure sulphur, while the heat of combustion of
sulphur in the form of pyrites, FeS2, combines also the heat of
formation of iron oxide, Fe2O3. It is the resultant value, there-
fore, of the several reactions involved that is desired.

According to the direct tests by Somermeier,1 in the combus-
tion of coal with known weight of iron pyrites, the indicated heat
per gram of sulphur so combined is 4957 calories. In calculating
heat values, the correction introduced for the combinations
resulting from calorimeter reactions as compared with open-air
combustion is 2042 calories per gram of pyritic sulphur; hence
4957 — 2042 or 2915 calories (5247 B. t. u.) represents the heat
due to the burning of one gram of sulphur in pyritic form in-
stead of 2250 calories (4050 B. t. u.), the amount which would
be credited to sulpHur in the free condition. A strict application
of these values, therefore, would call for a correction of 5247 S,
as representing the heat to be subtracted for the sulphur. This,

'Jour. Am. Chem. Soc. Vol. 26, p. 566.

12 ILLINOIS ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION

however, would imply that all of the sulphur is in the pyritic
form. Since a certain portion of the sulphur is always present
in organic or other form of less heat-producing capacity, it is
deemed more nearly correct to use an even factor of 5000 as rep-
resenting the heat to be credited to unit amounts of the total sul-
phur present.

The factors for the divisor in the formula under (d) are de-
rived as follows :

The atomic ratio of iron to sulphur in iron pyrites (FeS2) is
56 : 64 ; that is, 7/8 of the total sulphur is the equivalent of the
iron present as Fe.

The atomic ratio of the oxygen of the ash, combined as Fe2O3
to the total sulphur which it replaces is 48 : 128 ; that is, 3/8 of
the total sulphur is the equivalent of the oxygen present in the
ash, combined as Fe2O3, hence the ash as weighed may be cor-
rected for the iron pyrites FeS2 burned to Fe2O3, by subtract-
ing from the ash 10/8 of the weight of the sulphur as determined.
This remainder, therefore, is considered as the shaley and carbon-
ate constituent upon which the 8 per cent of water of hydration,
carbon dioxide, etc., are calculated. The expression for the total
non-coal substance then becomes

Non-coal = Moisture + Ash as weighed + 5/8 S + .08 (Ash

-10/8S).

Clearing of fractions and combining,
Non-coal = Moisture + 1.08 Ash + 21/40 S.
In this expression the factor 21/40 S can not be further
simplified by making it 1/2 S, for the reason that our correction
for sulphur is already too small by that part of the organic sul-
phur not covered by the addition to the ash value of 3/8 of the
total sulphur indicated in the original formula. On the con-
trary, we shall be approaching nearer the truth by increasing
slightly the sulphur correction, which may be done with conven-
ience in calculating, by making this factor read 22/40 S or 1/2 S
+ 1/20 S.

PARR -WHEELER — UNIT COAL AND COAL ASH 13

Hence the simplification of the entire formula under (d)
would be

B. t. u. or unit coal =

Indicated B. t. u. — 5000 S

1.00 — (Moisture + 1.08 Ash + 1/2 S -j- 1/20 S)
Since the analytical values given in the table are based upon
the coal as oven-dry, of course, the moisture factors in the above
formula drop out, and would not enter into the calculations. In
the table, for example, sample 1 has an indicated B. t. u. for the
dry coal of 12 356. The calculations, therefore, for each column
are

(c) = __ 12356 _

" 1.00— (.1166 + .0299) == ..................... 1447T

(d) = _ 12356 -5000 (.0599) _ =

1.00 — [1.08 (.1166) + .02995 + .00299]

From an examination of this table it seems evident that the
values in columns (a), (&), and (c) vary for each pair of samples
more widely than we should expect, provided our calculation in
these cases is based upon the actual coal; the variation, for ex-
ample, reaching nearly 2 1/2 per cent in No. 9. That a hydration
component is the disturbing factor seems evident from the wide
variation in the ash of the two divisions of this sample (22.17 per
cent to 4.22 per cent), while the sulphur values are sufficiently
close to eliminate any variable due to that element. In column
(d), however, it is to be noted that the introduction of an amount
of hydration equal to 8 per cent of the pyrite-free ash brings the
two heat values to a variation of only 41 B. t. u. or less than 1/3
of 1 per cent. The component calling for this correction, therefore,
seems to be directly associated with the ash, since the variation

14 ILLINOIS ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION

in sulphur is too small to enter into the account. Equally strik-
ing evidence of the presence of such a component is seen in the
samples numbered 7, 10, 11, and 12. Sample 8 is essentially the
same as 7, and while there is not so close an agreement in this
sample, still it must be recognized, as confirmatory of the general
proposition. If, for example, we admit a manipulation variant
of 40 or 50 units, it is hardly to be expected that the other vari-
ables, such as the true amount of hydration or the exact char-
acter of the same, whether hydration of shale or carbonating of
lime, may not carry with it an equal variable, so that in the pres-
ent stage of our knowledge, it seems fair to consider even this
variation quite within reasonable limits.

Another phase of these results is also to be noted. The
agreement as to results just given above is seen to depend in
large measure upon the correction of the high ashes in those
samples referred to, by addition of a component which we have
designated as hydration. Fortunately, the list of samples also
includes coals high in sulphur, and this affords the necessary
condition to show whether or not the sulphur enters into the
proposition as a variable, and also what method of correction
will most nearly neutralize its effect. Here, again, the close
agreement, as in samples 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6, indicates that the
method employed is correct in principle; that is, the heat value
of the sulphur, taken as 5000 times the sulphur content, is sub-
tracted from the indicated heat units, and the ash is restored as
nearly as is conveniently possible, to include the sulphur as joined
to the iron in its original or pyritic form. It is realized, as al-
ready indicated, that an error is inherent in this procedure, if
that part of the sulphur is present as organically combined. Strict-
ly considered, therefore, it should not be reckoned as pyritic sul-
phur. Test has been made, however, of introducing a further
refinement into the calculation by separating the sulphur into
the organic part and the inorganic, the amount of the latter be-
ing indicated by the content of iron present in the ash. The
iron pyrites thus calculated, Table 2, on this iron basis has been

PARR -WHEELER — UNIT COAL AND COAL ASH 15

made a part of the original non-coal substance. The 8 per cent
of hydration, etc., has then been calculated to the ash as correct-
ed for this amount of pyrites burned to oxide, and finally the
organic sulphur has been added as a part of the non-coal matter.
The indicated heat units were diminished by the total heat to be
credited to the sulphur, taking account of its two forms as indi-
cated in the formula for column (e), thus

_ B. t. u. - [524TX8/7 Fe + 4050 X (S - 8/7 Fe) 1 _
1.00- [Moisture-f Ash-l-5/7 Fe + .08 (Ash -10/7Fe) +(S— 7/8 Fe]

In this formula, the iron weighed as Fe2O3 has a ratio of oxygen
to iron of 48 : 112 or 3/7. To restore it to an equivalent of FeS2
which has a ratio of S (64) to Fe (56) or 8 : 7 would require the
addition to the ash content of 5/7 of the iron as determined.
Similarly 8/7 of the iron value represents the sulphur as origi-
nally joined to the iron in the pyritic form, and 10/7 of the iron
represents the Fe2O3 as a component part of the ash as weighed.

Since the analytical values refer to the coal on the dry basis,
the factor for moisture drops out of the formula. The results
of this method of calculating are given for the first six samples in
column (e) of Table 2, placed in comparison with column (d)
repeated from the previous table. As may be readily seen, the
relative values are in substantially the same agreement as be-
fore. This method involves the added requirement of an iron de-
termination and does not altogether remove the uncertainty as to
the form in which the combinations of sulphur occur. In the
present state of our knowledge, as well as on the score of practica-
bility, we seem to be justified in accepting the values and form-
ula as given in column (d).

The arguments thus far brought forward to prove the cor-
rectness of the method for arriving at the real weight of non-coal
substance are sufficiently conclusive for the twelve samples in-
cluded in the table. How generally applicable this method will
be for all types and all regions, remains for the subsequent part
of this paper to discuss.

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PARR -WHEELER — UNIT COAL AND COAL ASH 17

As a possible source of variation, the different layers of the
same seam were studied with a view to determining inherent vari-
ations in the stratification of the coal, which, by variations in
sampling or mining, might enter into the case and to a certain
extent, modify the fact of uniformity. Three mines were, there-
fore, sampled with reference to the top, middle, and bottom layers
of coal, or with reference to certain zones or bands of coal that
seemed to have a structure more or less characteristic and dis-
tinct from the other layers. These results are listed in the fol-
lowing table, the basis of comparison being the thermal units
calculated to "unit coal," which in subsequent discussion, as al-
ready indicated, will be the term made use of in this paper for
that coal free from ash, moisture, pyrites, and volatile inorganic
matter, as calculated under column (d) in Tables 1 and 2.

Attention is called to the following points. In the Collins-
ville sample, the bands of division were approximately the upper
2 feet, the lower 2 feet, and the middle zone of about 4 feet. When
referred to the "unit coal" basis, the upper and middle divisions
are in close agreement. The lower layer is considerably higher.
This fact would have a modifying influence on the entire face of
the seam as is illustrated in No. 4, which is a calculated composite
value based on the factors for samples No. 1, 2 and 3. No. 5 and
6 are samples taken from the entire face of the seam, and taken
from a mine located not over 2 or 3 miles from the mine from
which the first samples by layers were taken. It is evident that
the values indicated for the separate layers are not variable to
an extent which would noticeably change the ultimate value for
the entire face. Moreover, in the process of mining, the output
represents the face of the vein and not the various layers. How-
ever, the facts brought out in this comparison of the various
strata are valuable as indicating certain variations in composi-
tion of the same seam which might result from changes in the
relative thickness of certain bands. In the same region, or in
the same vein, these possible variations due to this phase of the
matter would seem to be practically negligible when we consider

18

ILLINOIS ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION

the regular output of the mine, since a mixture of the entire seam
is inevitable, and these small variations of the layers would be
very easily neutralized.

The same statement is applicable to the results as shown for
the two additional sections similarly examined from Belleville

TABLE 3

VARIATIONS IN THE CALORIFIC VALUE OF THE "UNIT COAL" FOR DIFFERENT HORI-
ZONTAL LAYERS OF THE SEAM

Tab.

No.

Lab.
No.

DESCRIPTION OF SAMPLE

OVEN-DRY COAL

Non-coal as
1.08 Ash +
22/40 S. Ref. to
B. t. u.
5000S.

Ash

Sul-
phur

B. t. u.

COLLINSVILLE, ILLINOIS

1

725c

Top 23 in

6.14

4.44

13505

14606

2

7256

Middle 48 in

12.02

3.84

12618

14634

3

725a

Bottom 22 in

14.86

7.52

12297

14936

4

725

Calculated for entire face

93 in

11 22

4 85

12762

14694

5

723

Sample taken from entire face.

12.23

4.37

12604

14675

6

724

Sample taken from entire face.

9.69

3.33

12982

14613

BELLEVILLE, ILLINOIS

1

1000

Top 4 in

6.75

3.35

13629

14814

2

999

| in • 2 in. from the top

2.09

2.66

14255

14667

3

995

Entire face, 76— J in

12.47

4.19

12587

14694

DuQuoiN, ILLINOIS

1

1

422

Top 30 in

6.13

.76

13573

14560

2

421

Bottom 69 in

14.71

.98

12181

14516

3

Entire face 99 in

12.11

.91

12603

14531

and Duquoin. The agreement is even more marked than in the
case of the Collinsville seam.

Notwithstanding these evidences of uniformity, the fact
should not be lost sight of that these results have a special value
in that they show at a glance the necessity of care in taking face
samples, to see that the cut is made equally and from the entire
working face of the seam. It is evident also that lump or hand
samples which are frequently taken for analysis are not only of

PARR -WHEELER — UNIT COAL AND COAL ASH 19

little value but are as a rule positively misleading, and the error
is quite as likely to be of a minus as of a plus character.

IV. ASH COMPOSITION

Notwithstanding the very satisfactory indication of the
adaptability of the proposed formula for arriving at the unit coal
values, as shown by the foregoing Tables 1 and 2, the question
still remains as to whether the samples chosen are sufficiently
typical to represent all the varieties of composition so far as the
ash or inorganic content is concerned. Under this division of the
subject, therefore, is taken up a study of this phase of the matter.
As a first step, it was deemed necessary to make an analysis of the
ash of the coals selected for use in the above tables. For exam-
ple, the somewhat arbitrary factor, 8 per cent, has been adopted
as covering a constant amount of volatile inorganic constituent
to be reckoned with the total ash. It may make an appreciable
difference whether this component is present as water of hydra-
tion, as in a clay or shale, or combined with lime as carbon di-
oxide. If in the latter combination, the amount of lime present
would be an indication of that fact, while the amount of alumina
present might serve to indicate the likelihood of this percentage
being represented by hydration of shale or clay. An analysis of
the ash of the 12 samples as listed in Table 2 is given in Table 4.

In this table, attention is first called to the fact that, with
the exception of sample 3, the amount of lime is quite uniform.
Here the lime approximates 12 per cent. By reference to the
column for alumina, which might be taken as an indication of the
clayey matter present, a very fair uniformity also exists, with the
possible exception of sample 11, where the aluminium content is
relatively low. Now, turning to Table 2 for an indication of a
variation in the calculated values for unit coal, it does not seem
that these variations in samples No. 3 and No. H have entered
into the case in an appreciable degree.

Thus far it might be safe to conclude, that the adoption of

20

ILLINOIS ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION

the 8 per cent constant, as representing the volatile matter of
the ash, is applicable. However, if in this group we have a vari-
ation in the lime content from 2 to 12 per cent, as in samples
7 and 3, have we any evidence that it stops there? Similarly,

TABLE 4

ASH COMPOSITION OF COALS OF TABLE 2

Tab.
No.

Lab.
No.

DESCRIPTION

Ash in
Dry
Coal -

%

ANALYSIS OF ASH
Per Cent

Si02

Fe203

A1203

CaO

MgO

1
2
3

4
5
6
7
8

9
10
11
12

6130
6131
6122

6123
6290
6121
6129
6128

6132
6133
6135
6134

Sangamon Co., 111., Lump.
Sangamon Co., 111., Lump.
Sangamon Co., 111., Screen-
in 2TS

11.66
6.12

18.21
8.13
12.83
4.01
10.05

3.94
16.84
4.27
6.11

2.53

33.1

54.2

49.2
55.9
54.1
51.7
40.3

42.5
16.4

20.7
13.0
12.1
19.3
34.0

17.9
24.2

17.1
23.6
23.8
24.6
22.8

5.6

4.1

11.9
6.7
6.7

2.4
2.0

0.9
1.2

1.1
0.8
1.2
1.0
0.9

0.9
0.6
1.2
0.0

Sangamon Co., 111., Screen-
ings

Williamson Co., 111., Wash-
ed Nut

Williamson Co., 111., Wash-
ed Nut
La Salle Co., 111., Washed
Screenings

La Salle Co., 111., Washed
Screenings

Vigo Co Ind Nut

32.9
35.1
27.1
45.8

43.8
35.6
52.3
20.2

20.5
25.3
14.1
28.3

2.9
2.3
4.4
5.4

Vigo Co Ind Nut

Sullivan Co., Ind., Lump. .
Sullivan Co., Ind., Lump. .

if the alumina may drop from 25 per cent (No. 10) to 14 per cent
(No. 11), can we conclude that these numbers represent the
limits of variation, and, if not, will greater variations in these
factors cause a disturbance in the factor chosen to represent the
volatile matter present?

In extending our study over a wider range of ash analysis,
we soon come upon cases where much higher percentages of lime
are in evidence. In view of this fact, it was considered worth
while to estimate also the carbon dioxide and the chlorine. The
carbon dioxide would be a more direct index of volatile loss of ash
than the content of lime, since the latter might be combined in
other than carbonate form. Chlorine, if present in any form,

PARR -WHEELER — UNIT COAL AND COAL ASH

\

would be volatile, depending on the temperature made use
Table 5 is given as illustrating the extremes to which lime
calcium carbonate, and alumina combined as clayey matter may
be met, at least in the ash from Illinois coals.

TABLE 5
ASH COMPOSITION OF COALS WITH HIGH PERCENTAGE OF LIME

Tab.
No.

Lab.

No.

DESCRIPTION

In per cent of Dry
Coal

ANALYSIS OF ASH

Ash

C02

Cl

Si02

Fe203

A1203

CaO

MgO

1

2
3

4

734

1095
1178

1403

Grundy Co.,
Ill

5.82
11.49

15.56
15.46

.88
1.22

2.48
2.48

none
.04

.10
none

22.8
32.7

39.0

25.7

32.4
33.0

22.4
12.9

10.2
9.0

6.3
6.8

34.0
25.3

31.7

54.5

0.7
0.8

0.7
1.5

Saline Co., 111.
Clinton Co.,
Ill

PeoriaCo.,
Ill

It might be argued from the results in Table 5, that whereas
the lime content is high, the alumina is low, and there is, there-
fore, a compensation which would still furnish evidence that the
8 per cent constant for the inorganic volatile matter would be
applicable. However, to test the matter, it was deemed advis-
able to subject these samples to the floating test as already indi-
cated, giving as a result two divisions of each sample, one with
an abnormally low ash, the other with an abnormally high ash;
the latter division in each case still further accentuating the lime
factor. In consequence of this division, the analysis of the eight
resulting samples together with the calorific values is present-
ed in Table 6. Columns (a) and (d) only are given in order
that a comparison may be made between the ash values for "ash
and water-free" or "pure coal" with the "unit coal" values as de-
rived by the formula already made use of on page 14.

From the calculations under column (a) and column (d),
it is evident that the wide discrepancies under column (a) are
due to a failure to take into consideration those mineral constit-

22

ILLINOIS ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION

uents of the coal which properly belong to the ash. This is the
fuel unit designated the "ash and water-free," combustible or
"pure coal" basis adopted by engineers. Under column (d), the

TABLE 6

PROXIMATE ANALYSIS WITH CALORIFIC VALUES FOR FLOAT AND SINK COAL WITH
HIGH PERCENTAGES OF LIME IN THE ASH

Heat Value of "Actual

Coal" as Calculated by

In per cent of

Different Methods

Dry Coal

(a)

(d)

Tab.

Lab.

DESCRIPTION

No.

No.

"Pure Coal"

"Unit Coal"

Basis

Basis

Ash

Sul.

B. t. u.

B. t. u.

B. t. U.-5000S.

1.00 - Ash

1.00-

1

734

Float, Grundy Co.

4.57

1.44

13475

Diff.
14120

Diff.
14217

2

734

Sink, Grundy Co.

21.99

5.00

10733

13760

14262

- 360

+ 45

3

1095

Float, Saline Co. .

6.42

2.65

13663

14600

14768

4

1095

Sink, Saline Co. . .

19.94

7.01

11122

13902

14906

.

-698

+ 138

5

1178

Float, Clinton Co.

8.54

1.96

12634

13813

13975

6

1178

Sink, Clinton Co..

31.90

3.75

8856

13004

13654

-809

-321

7

1403

Float, Peoria Co.

10.37

2.39

12796

14276

14489

8

1403

Sink, Peoria Co. .

34.24

4.71

9216

14014

14859

-262

+ 370

unit coal values come very much closer together, but are not in
such satisfactory agreement as was the case with the coals in
Table 2, having a low lime content in the ash. It is evident,
therefore, that in these two extreme divisions which have been
made by the process of floating out to get the lighter and sinking
the heavier ash coal, the inorganic volatile matter must be ac-
counted for in some further correction than would be included in
the 8 per cent adopted in calculation for Table 2. It is evident
in this set of samples, that we have accentuated in an extreme
manner the effect of a high ratio of carbonate of lime, bringing
this constituent up to 16.67 per cent of the total coal in No. 5 of

PARR -WHEELER — UNIT COAL AND COAL ASH 23

the table, and to 11.99 per cent in No. 6. While these per-
centages are abnormal, they serve well the purpose of indicat-
ing the effect upon the proposed formula for arriving at unit
coal values. The first question which presents itself, therefore,
is whether we should not correct our ash factor, not by an 8 per
cent addition alone, but by adding directly to the ash as weighed,
the amount of carbon dioxide present, on the assumption that all
of the calcium carbonate would be decomposed, setting free the
CO2. This involves another hypothesis, namely, that in the or-
dinary determination of ash, the calcium carbonate present is
completely decomposed. To test this point, the four samples,
subdivided into pairs of low and high ash each, were subjected
first to the ordinary ash determination as directed by the Com-
mittee of the American Chemical Society on standard methods
for coal analysis. No important modification of this method was
employed. After complete burning off of the carbon in a porce-
lain crucible over a Bunsen lamp, a blast lamp, driven at moder-
ate intensity, was applied for 30 to 40 minutes. The results are
listed in Table 7, in the first column for ash percentages, marked
(a). In the column marked (&), the method employed made
use of a platinum crucible and after burning off the carbon,
an intense heat was applied by means of the blast lamp,
continuing the blasting to constant weight. As will be seen from
these results, a very wide difference may be made in the seeming-
ly simple matter of determining the ash. Evidently under col-
umn (a) only a part of the calcium carbonate has been decom-
posed in the "sink" samples.

In this table, therefore, we have a striking illustration of the
variations that may enter into the ash determination. The evi-
dence of a variable element indicated its presence in a very
marked manner in the process of obtaining the values for column
(a). It was found almost impossible to secure duplicate results,
the values sometimes varying in the two portions run in parallel
by as much as 1.00 per cent. This evidence of a high content of
calcium carbonate and its effect on the accuracy of the ash deter-

24

ILLINOIS ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION

TABLE 7

VARIATIONS IN ASH VALUES WHERE CALCIUM CARBONATE is A CONSTITUENT OF

THE COAL

1

(6)

(a)

Ash as Deter-

Difference

Tab.

Lab.

DESCRIPTION

Ash as Deter-

mined by

in per cent

No.

No.

mined by
Usual Method

Blasting to
Constant Wght

of Dry Coal

and Fusion

1

734

Float, Grundy Co., Ill .

4.57

3.54

1.03

2

734

Sink, GrundyCo., 111. . . . 21.99

16.85

5.14

3

1095

Float, Saline Co. , 111. ... 6 . 42

5.96

0.46

4

1095

Sink, Saline Co., Ill 19.94

18.59

1.35

5

1178

Float, Clinton Co., 111.. . 8.54

7.23

1.31

6

1178

Sink, Clinton Co., 111.. . .: 31.90

26.88

5.02

7

1403

Float, Peoria Co., 111. .. 10.37

9.08

1.29

8

1403

Sink, Peoria Co., 111. ...

34.24

22.93

11.31

urination is of far-reaching importance. It affects in a very ma-
terial manner any method of reference to a unit of combustible,
especially such as is made use of by the engineering profession
under the designation of "ash and moisture-free" material. It
also seriously affects those results in a coal analysis which are
obtained indirectly by difference. For example, the value for
fixed carbon is thus estimated. Any error in the ash determina-
tion is therefore loaded upon this constituent. An equally er-
roneous feature accompanies the ultimate analysis where the to-
tal carbon is measured as CO2. The carbon dioxide combined
with the calcium oxide in the coal is thus made to appear
in the final result as augmenting the value for total carbon.
But it is not the purpose here to discuss the effect of this possi-
ble source of error. The immediate problem in hand is to arrive
at the actual non-coal or inorganic substance as an essential fac-
tor in calculating the values for unit coal. The obvious sugges-
tion, therefore, would be to make a determination of all possible
volatile constituents, especially the CO2 and Cl and augment the
ash values found at the higher temperature by these percentages.
Such an analysis was made, as shown in Table 8. A complete

PARR -WHEELER — UNIT COAL AND COAL ASH 25

analysis was aJso made showing all the mineral constituents, so
that any bearing these factors might have, could be studied sim-
ultaneously with the question of the true ash or inorganic mat-
ter.

In considering the probable reactions of the ash at a fusion
temperature, it would be conceded at once that all of the CO2
would be driven off. This, therefore, would be the first incre-
ment to add to the ash as above determined. Similarly, the chlo-
rine present would be driven off. Evidently, in these particular
samples, the larger portion of the chlorine is combined as CaCl2,
which was not washed out of the texture of the coal after being
subjected to the floating process in a CaCl2 solution. But wheth-
er joined as NaCl or CaCl2, it is probable that the ultimate result
is the formation of silicates of sodium and calcium with libera-
tion of chlorine. Hence it seems proper to add a second incre-
ment to the ash values, that of the chlorine percentages. When
we come to a disposition of the SO3 value, the case is not so clear.
Ordinarily, it should be noted, the amount of sulphate present in
a coal is so small as to be negligible, but it so happens that the
samples selected for this particular series had been in labora-
tory storage for over a year, with the result, that when the ulti-
mate constituents were all sought out, quite an appreciable
amount of sulphate of iron had formed. Now the decomposition
of this material is easily effected at a temperature above 300°.
Hence the indication would seem to be that a further correction
for the ash content should be made by adding the percentage
found for this constituent. However, it should be borne in mind
that calcium carbonate is present in sufficient quantity to take
care of this SO3 by formation of CaSO4 + CO2. By testing arti-
ficial mixtures of calcium carbonate and ferrous sulphate, with'
and without the addition of organic matter, the residual fusion!
showed sufficient sulphate remaining as CaSO4 to warrant the
conclusion that no correction should be made for the SO3 found
to be present in the original coal.

In view of these facts, therefore, the calculation for the unit

§1

S-S

§1O t^ T-l T-l O *^ *^
^H TH ro Tjn CN O '-i

CN t— ( t~>. • fO t^ CS O^
*-l r*5 O • CN CN CN -^H

OOiOrt^OOOOrOCNCN

\o co oo '-H o

CN CN ^O CO ON vo 10

-H ^H CN CN

«

0oo

o

Q

1 I

.,; «-«

VO \O

QO oo
-H

1 J

T-H CN

1 J

Olot^*-H*— tO*^i>»

O '*•"' ^ ^O ^f CS O 'rH

«-i -rt CN

fe OQ fe 03 PH fe c

PARR -WHEELER— UNIT COAL AND COAL ASH 27

coal values on these samples was based on an ash content in
which the ash as weighed had been subjected to a very high tem-
perature in a platinum crucible, and continued until a constant
weight was secured, and the ash fused; to this was added the
CO2 present in the dry coal, and also the factor for chlorine. The
formula already given, therefore, was simply modified by the
above conditions, and would be expressed as follows :

Unit Coal = Indicated B. t. u. - 5000 S

1.00 — [ (Ash + C02 + 01.) X 1.08 + 22/40 SI

The results of this calculation are given in Table 9, with a com-
parison wherein the values are calculated to "pure coal" or the
"ash and water-free" basis and to the "unit coal" with the ash
corrected for the CO2 and Cl present.

Concerning these results, the proposed correction of the ash
by addition of the CO2 and Cl would seem to meet the conditions
as indicated by the close agreement of the "unit coal" values.
The last sample, No. 8 of the table, is not in so good agreement
as could be wished. The only explanation to be suggested at
the present time is that the very high per cent of calcium carbon-
ate, 16.67 per cent, would seem to require that a correction be
made in the calorimetric value to allow for the heat of decom-
position required to separate that amount of calcium carbonate
into its constituent parts. This would mean that 786.6 X 16.67
per cent or 131 B. t. u. would represent the heat of dissociation
for the calcium carbonate present. This amount, added to the
indicated heat, would represent the total heat developed in the
combustion as 9112 B. t. u. This amount introduced into the
formula would show 14 383 B. t. u. as the unit coal value, or a
difference from the low ash sample of 112 units instead of 336
as in the table. More study of this extreme type of coal must
be made, and upon fresh samples with the sulphate constituent
eliminated, before a final judgment can be formulated as to the
adaptability of the formula to such cases. The remarkable con-
formity of the values in three .of the four cases would seem to

28

ILLINOIS ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION

argue strongly in favor of the corrections for CO2 and Cl as cov-
ering the case. In consideration of the facts set forth, therefore,
in these last tables, it was deemed necessary to make an extended
inspection of the coals of the State with special reference to their
content of carbonate and chlorine. About sixty samples were se-
lected and in addition to the usual ash determination, analysis

FIG. 1 APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING

was made of the ash constituent, namely, silicon, iron, alumina,
lime, and magnesia. In addition, a determination was made of
the chlorine and carbonate present. The chlorine was deter-
mined by digesting 2 grams of the pulverized coal on a steam

PARR -WHEELER — UNIT COAL AND COAL ASH 29

bath with about 200 cc. of water, filtering, making up to 500 cc.,
and titrating an aliquot part with standard silver nitrate solu-
tion.

The carbonate was determined by weighing out 5 grams of
coal and treating with acid in the apparatus designed for such
work as shown in Fig. 1. This is an improved form of the ap-
paratus described in Bulletin 7 of the Engineering Experiment
Station, for the volumetric estimation of carbon dioxide, by ab-
sorbing the same in a pipette, as P of the figure, and measuring
the contraction in the jacketed burette.

From the values thus obtained for these two constituents,
it will be seen from the table that the high amounts of both are
distributed quite irregularly throughout the State, and very fre-
quently in a sufficiently high amount to make the introduction
of their values into any careful analytical work on such coals
an essential feature, if trustworthy results are to be forthcoming.

An answer is thus afforded, in such cases at least, to the
query of the Committee of the American Chemical Society on
Coal Analysis1 : "Are carbonates likely to be present in the ash
in such amount that heating over a blast lamp would lessen the
weight appreciably?" An affirmative answer is also indicated in
Table 7, where the weight of ash is lessened on blasting by 11.31
per cent of the coal, as in sample 8.

A further suggestion results from these frequent indications
of carbon dioxide. The high carbonate content is accompanied
by a high lime factor and the question at once occurs as to wheth-
er this factor for CO2 might not serve as an index of fusibility
of the ash quite as accurately as the content of sulphur, since
high lime is as promotive of slagging as iron. Numerous tests
on the fusibility of ash have confirmed this idea. It is hoped
that this matter of the fusibility of coal ash may be taken up for
further study in the near future.

'Jour. Am. Chem. Soc. Vol. 20, p. 284, 1898.

ERAL CONSTITUENTS OF ASH
OBTAINED BY HIGH FUSION

Per Cen

bfl

C

f

"£

41

O
bo

o

11

h

V)

(N CN CN *-H ^H -^H

'— ICOOO

CN --H CN •>-< •>-!

< *a

bfl

.9

1

a

il

S I

go

^ to

a"

"5 O

VO CN • C^ CN VO

I CO 03 . *• to >•« x CO U (-H

i»st*&*Ci*l»"ll

> > S§ SSggTg S^ > .

MM fe| a 3 • J I ^^^'c ^

o 5

1

13

f

O
.Cj

w

'— lCN<N<NCN-i-ICN

00 fO
Tt< ^H

o

...

PARR -WHEELER — UNIT COAL AND COAL ASH 33

V. SUMMARY

The principles developed by the foregoing discussion may be
stated as follows:

1. Ordinarily the total inorganic or non-coal constituent is
expressed by the formula

Total Inorganic Matter = M + 1.08 A + 22/40 S
in which M = moisture, A = ash, and S = sulphur. The form-
ula for calculating the heat value for unit coal, therefore, basing
the calculation upon wet coal values, would be

B. t. u. of Unit Coal= ^icated (wet) B. t. n. -50008

1.00 — (M + 1.08 A + 22/40 S)
and for dry coal :

B. t. u. of Unit Coal = ^ndicatedj dry ) B. t. u. - 5000 S

1.00 — (1.08 A + 22/40 S)

2. A coal of unknown character as to its carbonate content
should be subjected to a carbonate determination readily effected
by liberating the CO2 with acid and measuring the same by
weight or volume. Where carbonates are found to exist in any
considerable quantity, say over 0.3 per cent CO2, the ash deter-
mination should be made by blasting in a platinum crucible to
constant weight, and the ash as thus determined corrected by add-
ing the weight found for CO2. Further, since this method of
deriving the weight of ash will drive off the chlorine present, this
constituent should also be determined and the amount as Cl
added to the weight of ash.

It has been possible to apply the foregoing principles to a
large number of analyses which have been made in this labora-
tory. Some from the same mine extending over a considerable
period of time afford a good opportunity of verifying the con-
stancy of the unit coal values from the same mine. Others from
the same geological seam, extending over a considerable area,
as well as those from neighboring mines, serve to demonstrate
a positive relationship and, so far as they are available, establish
the unit values for their respective regions. An extension of
these data has been prepared and arranged in tables following

34 ILLINOIS ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION

this discussion. In addition to the results obtained in our own
laboratory, the various coal values as published by the Ohio State
Survey1 (Appendix A) and the United States Geological Survey2
(Appendix B) have been calculated to unit values by the form-
ula already developed and indicated at the head of the column
for "Unit Coal." A most interesting study is there made possible
of the constancy of values for a given type of coal or for a given
region.

The application which the facts of the tables may be made
to serve are many and of far-reaching importance. The real
value and the extent of this service hinge upon the accuracy
with which we may differentiate between the actual or unit coal
and the true ash content. It is believed that the methods and
formulas herein proposed are accurate within the limits of varia-
tion, inherent in the composition of the unit substance itself, and
in the manipulation and methods of analysis employed. Concern-
ing this latter point, it is obviously impossible in applying the
calculations to analytical values already published, to take ac-
count of errors, in ash determination, due for example to the
presence of carbonate of lime. Some of the discrepancies in unit
values, therefore, may be due to this fact. Moreover, some of the
samples grouped by counties may be from different seams and
hence show a difference in their unit values. It has not been
practicable to give more detail of location or deposit than is con-
tained in the tables, but the facts thus presented seem to have
sufficient value to warrant their publication in this form.

An inspection of Table 10, (p. 31), shows a number of coals
with over 2 per cent of CO2 present. This represents approximately
5 per cent of calcium carbonate. In the Mahler type of calori-
meter, this material is decomposed, representing a loss of heat
amounting to about 40 B. t. u. for each 5 per cent of calcium car-
bonate present. A question is therefore raised as to the desir-
ability of correcting heat values obtained by that instrument, to
take account of this reaction in the calorimeter.

Geological Survey of Ohio, Fourth Series, Bui. No. 9, 19081

2United States Geological Survey, Bulletins No. 261, No. 290, and No. 332.

PARR -WHEELER — UNIT COAL AND COAL ASH 35

VI. CONCLUSIONS

1. The actual or unit coal of a given deposit or region is
remarkably uniform in composition, as shown by the constancy
of heat values, when calculated to such unit substance.

2. The true percentage content of the actual or unit coal
hinges upon the correct determination of the inorganic constitu-
ents of the coal. The present methods of analysis fail to take
account of such constituents as the hydration of the shaley or
clayey portions of the ash or the carbon dioxide content of earthy
carbonates. The presence of chlorine compounds may sometimes
be sufficient in amount to require consideration and estimation.

3. Coal with an ash of unknown composition should be ex-
amined for carbonates and chlorides. If the combined amount
of these constituents approximates 0.5 per cent, the ash deter-
mination should be made at a temperature sufficiently high for
their complete elimination, and a correction made for the ash
value thus obtained by adding the amount of CO2 and Cl found.

4. Apart from the corrections which may be called for on
account of the presence of CO2 or Cl, a factor for hydration is
necessary, amounting to 8 per cent of the ash as determined,
minus the ferric oxide resulting from the decomposition of the
iron pyrites.

5. The assembling of the corrections indicated may be em-
bodied in a simple formula, easy of application, and under two
headings as follows :

For coals free from carbonates and chlorides

TT ., T> Indicated Dry B. t. u. — 5000 S
u nit Jb>. t. u. = *

1.00 — (1.08 Ash + 22/40 S)
For coals with carbonates and chlorides

Unit B. t. u. =

Indicated Dry B. t. u. — 5000 S

1.00 — [ (Ash at high temp. + CO2 + Cl) 1.08 + 22/40 S.]

36 ILLINOIS ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION

VII. TABULATION OF CALCULATED VALUES FOR UNIT COAL

From the tables following, (Tables 11 to 19 inclusive), not
only is there evidence of a constancy of values for a given area,
but, conversely, a given type of fuel over widely separated areas
has a value which varies between relatively narrow limits and
may be made to serve as an index of the kind or type and probably
the region from which the material comes. From an inspection
of these and other data a tentative series of values defining the
suggested limits for the generally recognized fuel types is given
in Table 11.

TABLE 11

CLASSIFICATION OF FUEL TYPES BY HEAT VALUES FOR UNIT OR ACTUAL ORGANIC

SUBSTANCE

Cellulose and wood 6500 to 7800

Peat 7800 to 11500

Lignite-brown 11500 to 12500

Lignite-black 12500 to 13500

Sub-bituminous Coal 13500 to 14200

Bituminous Coal (mid continental field) 14200 to 15000

Bituminous Coal (eastern field) 15000 to 16000

Semi-anthracite and Semi-bituminous ....." 15500 to 16000

Anthracite. . 15000 to 15500

PARR -WHEELER — UNIT COAL AND COAL ASH

37

TABLE 12
COAL RESULTS

From Continuous Deliveries, September 1, 1907 to September 1, 1908.

Each Sample Represents 5 Cars or 250 Tons, and is a Composite of 5 Separate

Samples.

Shipments all from "the Same Mine, Christian Co., 111.

Lab.
No.

ANALYSES OF SAMPLES AS RECEIVED

"Unit Coal"
Basis

B. t. u. - 5000 S

Variation
from Av-
erage
B. t. u.

Moisture

Ash

Sulphur

B. t. u.

1.00 -
(1.08 Ash+22/4o S.)

933

13.16

17.07

4.39

9665

14313

-160

934

10.89

17.34

4.87

10104

14564

+ 91

935

13.49

15.14

3.99

10082

14539

+ 66

936

13.76

16.26

4.01

9845

14507

+ 34

937

14.00

16.97

4.41

9680

14499

+ 26

938

12.55

17.40

4.19

9883

14576

+ 103

939

12.57

18.70

4.43

9709

14643

+ 170

940

12.99

16.25

4.10

9971

14533

+ 60

941

12.71

17.27

4.55

9871

14580

+ 107

942

12.18

18.53

5.35

9724

14577

+ 104

943

11.52

16.13

4 .'36

10211

14554

+ 81

944

12.21

15.31

4.32

10278

14608

+ 135

945

13.53

16.14

4.38

9824

14420

- 53

946

14.99

14.96

4.15

9885

14537

+ 64

947

15.07

15.09

4.27

9825

14501

+ 28

948

14.25

15.51

3.91

9896

14510

+ 37

949

12.98

15.25

3.70

10076

14437

- 36

957

13.17

16.40

4.16

9880

14472

- 1

990

13.03

18.05

4.39

9773

14683

+ 210

1024

14.59

16.20

4.18

9830

14664

+ 191

1025

13.38

17.51

4.19

9747

14580

+ 107

1026

14.28

16.31

4.71

9840

14558

+ 185

1027

13.84

16.56

4.23

9842

14602

+ 129

1071

13.88

16.06

4.51

9868

14543

+ 70

1072

13.66

16.31

4.46

9837

14505

+ 32

1073

12.99

15.71

4.15

10076

14563

+• 90

1074

12.43

17.95

4.66

9834

14631

+ 158

1075

12.70

17.01

4.12

9857

14478

- 5

1076

13.79

18.63

4.95

9497

14595

+ 122

1077

13.62

15.90

4.36

9935

14544

+ 71

1180

13.45

16.68

4.00

9801

14472

- 1

1181

13.17

17.95

4.85

9607

14457

- 16

1182

13.49

13.36

3.97

9964

14415

- 58

1183

12.16

19.20

5.01

9556

14462

— 11

1184

11.90

17.16

4.55

9925

14458

- 15

1185

12.97

16.63

4.60

9893

14522

+ 49

1186

13.73

16.66

4.34

9795

14536

+ 63

1187

13.80

16.10

4.27

9884

14550

+ 77

1188

14.28

15.84

4.54

9763

14424

- 49

1204

14.51

18.04

4.35

9464

14533

+ 60

38

ILLINOIS ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION

TABLE 12
COAL RESULTS — (Concluded)

"Unit Coal"

ANALYSES OF SAMPLES AS RECEIVED

Basis

Variation

Lab.

from Av-

No.

B. t. u. - 5000 S

erage

1.00 -

B. t. u.

Moisture

Ash

Sulphur

B. t. u.

(1.08 Ash + 22/40 S.)

1205

14.13

16.31

4.85

9746

14488

+ 15

1272

15.81

15.18

3.86

9650

14399

- 74

1273

15.21

14.45

4.04

9910

14498

+ 25

1274

15.40

16.08

5.03

9560

14440

- 33

1275

14.04

16.44

4.52

9694

14409

- 64

1276

14.35

18.13

4.62

9315

14299

-174

1326

14.81

16.56

4.22

9540

14354

-119

1327

13.46

17.87

4.65

9505

14335

-138

1328

13.56

17.53

4.67

9568

14373

-100

1329

14.98

14.37

3.90

9928

14451

- 22

1330

14.59

16.63

4.34

9614

14444

- 29

1331

14.10

17.42

4.82

9592

14511

+ 38

1332

13.13

16.12

4.58

9783

14272

-201

1447

13.28

17.10

4.19

9670

14346

-127

1448

12.62

18.18

4.46

9590

14344

-129

1449

13.31

18.15

4.50

9584

14485

+ 12

1450

13.21

16.16

4.21

9852

14385

- 88

1451

13.32

17.01

4.28

9656

14313

-160

1695

15.31

13.19

3.61

9999

14341

-132

1696

16.12

13.10

3.76

9890

14339

-134

1697

15.62

14.29

3.61

9782

14338

-135

1759

14.02

15.62

4.43

9817

14392

- 81

1760

13.83

16.54

4.49

9676

14354

-119

1789

13.49

19.41

4.07

9331

14416

- 57

1832

14.09

17.22

4.17

9605

14451

- 22

1833

13.56

17.07

3.93

9704

14439

- 34

1834

13.56

17.50

4.24

9590

14381

- 92

Av....

13.65

16.58

4.35

9779

14475

± 82

PARR -WHEELER — UNIT COAL AND COAL ASH

39

TABLE 13
COAL RESULTS

From Continuous Deliveries September 1, 1908, to May 1, 1909

Each Sample represents 300 Tons
Shipments all from the Same Mine, Vermilion Co., 111.

Lab.
No.

ANALYSES OF SAMPLES AS RECEIVED

"Unit Coal"
Basis

B. t. u. - 5000 S

Variation
from Av-
erage
B. t. u.

Moisture

Ash

Sulphur

B. t. u.

1.00 -
(1.08 Ash + 22/40S.)

1879

12.92

16.58

3.82

9992

14613

-143

1880

14.22

18.16

4.51

9540

14624

-132

1881

12.45

17.22

4.14

9950

14608

-148

1883

13.00

19.48

4.31

9501

14601

-155

1896

12.08

17.13

3.67

10160

14801

+ 45

1897

12.67

16.90

4.26

10062

14757

+ 1

1898

12.71

16.79

4.22

10071

14752

- 4

1899

12.36

18.80

5.17

9801

14794

+ 38

1900

12.36

16.53

5.07

10170

14800

+ 44

1902

12.70

15.20

3.89

10269

14655

-101

1903

12.65

15.27

3.78

10208

14567

-189

1905

12.38

18.00

4.59

9913

14747

- 9

1906

12.46

18.30

4.21

9787

14629

-127

1908

11.76

16.12

3.48

10402

14840

+ 84

1909

11.74

15.10

3.93

10440

14677

- 79

1911

12.34

16.19

4.23

10324

14903

+ 147

1912

12.59

18.25

4.10

9772

14620

-136

1919

16.76

16.68

3.70

9512

14760

+ 4

1920

16.92

18.20

3.83

9232

14745

- 11

1934

12.93

16.44

3.54

10200

14878

+ 122

1942

12.72

17.62

4.07

9949

14763

+ 7

1943

15.03

16.45

4.09

9846

14844

+ 88

1947

13.90

18.31

4.08

9689

14800

+ 44

1990

14.47

15.57

3.85

10021

14759

+ 3

1991

13.31

18.08

4.35

10020

15134

+ 378*

1987

12.80

14.51

3.64

10476

14805

+ 49

1988

12.68

14.54

3.80

10508

14840

+ 84

1993

13.19

17.33

4.16

9931

14777

+ 21

1994

13.31

18.44

4.15

9849

14947

+ 191

1996

11.85

20.36

5.47

9720

14958

+ 202

1997

12.05

20.83

4.13

9512

14728

- 28

2007

13.73

19.23

3.91

9527

14729

- 27

2008

13.53

18.60

4.33

9638

14720

- 36

2016

13.38

19.72

4.42

9583

14886

+ 130

2017

13.28

18.24

4.56

9797

14833

+ 77

2013

12.48

21.14

5.11

9348

14693

- 63

2014

12.89

18.78

3.78

9742

14880

+ 124

2029

14.24

19.64

4.47

9431

14829

+ 73

2030

15.90

16.35

3.75

9667

14724

- 32

2031

14.11

17.36

3.97

9677

14591

-165

2032

13.66

15.43

3.77

10173

14767

+ 11

*_ Probably due to error in ash determination.

ILLINOIS ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION

TABLE 13
COAL RESULTS — (Concluded)

"Unit Coal"

ANALYSES OF SAMPLES AS RECEIVED

Basis

Variation

Lab.

from Av-

No.

B. t. u. - 5000 S

erage

1.00 -

B. t. u.

Moisture

Ash

Sulphur

B. t. u.

(1.08 Ash + ^S.

2057

13.61

15.71

4.13

10128

14775

+ 19

2071

12.16

18.31

3.98

9986

14856

+ 100

2072

12.22

18.93

3.93

9857

14821

+ 65

2073

13.10

20.38

3.99

9520

14864

+ 108

2074

12.47

19.37

4.04

9791

14892

+ 136

2106

13.31

17.49

4.03

9816

14660

- 96

2107

14.07

17.50

4.43

9742

14739

- 17

2108

13.12

17.25

4.41

9987

14837

+ 81

2145

12.81

16.82

3.98

10066

14764

+ 8

2146

13.97

15.64

4.76

9813

14632

-124

2147

13.19

17.68

4.21

9805

14668

- 68

2159

13.30

17.98

4.17

9831

14805

+ 49

2160

12.20

20.14

4.78

9628

14805

+ 49

2161

13.12

17.61

4.34

9900

14790

+ 34

2178

14.83

19.77

3.90

9319

14793

+ 37

2179

14.01

17.92

4.13

9858

14993

+ 237*

2180

13.03

19.92

4.11

9503

14710

- 46

2232

14.07

17.40

4.12

9815

14813

+ 57

2233

13.26

19.54

4.25

9381

14483

-273*

2234

12.26

18.90

3.95

9611

14446

-310*

2235

13.02

17.94

4.46

9706

14547

-209

2304

15.07

19.03

4.42

9346

14730

- 26

2305

14.22

16.93

4.81

9718

14614

-142

2324

15.16

16.98

3.72

9706

14771

+ 15

2325

15.33

16.60

3.77

9792

14849

+ 93

2326

11.99

19.10

4.13

9801

14735

- 21

2369

12.00

18.42

3.92

9900

14712

- 44

2370

14.29

18.74

4.63

9498

14727

- 29

2371

13.28

17.33

4.17

9897

14744

- 12

2416

13.55

18.55

4.48

9630

14706

- 50

Av....

13.30

17.79

4.18

9828

14756

± 86

* Probably due to error in ash determination.

PARR -WHEELER — UNIT COAL AND COAL ASH

41

TABLE 14
COAL RESULTS
Run-of-Mine Coal from Two Mines, Boulder Co., Colo.

"Unit Coal"

ANALYSES OF SAMPLES AS RECEIVED

Basis

Variation

No.

from Av-

B. t. u. - 5000S

erage

1.00-

B. t. u.

Moisture

Ash

Sul.

B. t. u.

1.08 Ash + 22/40S.)

13

19.59

8.38

.52

9349

13118

+ 120

15

20.18

8.15

.39

9362

13193

+ 195

19

20.26

6.85

.38

9434

13053

+ 55

20

19.64

6.83

.36

9519

13054

+ 56

22

19.49

7.23

.48

9580

13192

+ 194

24

19.43

5.77

.38

9625

12958

- 40

25

19.12

7.16

.42

9620

13164

+ 166

27

20.43

6.40

.36

9512

13102

+ 104

30

19.65

8.55

.41

9271

13048

+ 50

31

19.91

6.75

.38

9425

12958

- 40

35

20.32

7.85

.44

9431

13260

+ 262

37

19.71

4.88

.38

9779

13046

+ 48

5

20.23

5.81

.35

9373

12761

-237

7

19.73

5.08

.29

9598

12842

-156

8

19.64

5.97

.30

9497

12859

-139

9

19.83

5.54

.29

9573

12911

- 87

13

20.06

5.51

.33

9551

12917

- 81

18

20.08

4.82

.38

9632

12902

- 96

19

19.96

5.63

.30

9588

12972

- 26

34

19.99

6.55

.40

9441

12955

- 43

38

19.38

5.11

.27

9712

12939

- 59

42

19.96

6.95

.25

9422

12998

00

45

20.56

5.60

.26

9428

12853

-145

76

18.09

5.56

.41

9835

12907

- 91

Av

19.80

6.37

.36

9523

12998

±104

42

ILLINOIS ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION

TABLE 15

COAL RESULTS

Run-of-Mine Coal from One Mine, Las Animas Co., Colo.

"Unit Coal"

ANALYSES OF SAMPLES AS RECEIVED

Basis

Variation

No.

•

from Av-

B. t. u. - 5000S

erage

1.00 -

B. t. u.

Moisture

Ash

Sul.

B. t. u.

(1.08 Ash + 22/40S.)

2

2.25

9.72

.89

13309

15288

- 4

10

2.40

11.33

.68

13066

15334

+ 42

12

2.51

14.49

.68

12547

15359

+ 67

14

2.63

11.32

.61

13033

15332

+ 40

15

2.93

11.53

.61

13065

15465

+ 173

16

2.57

12.81

.60

12842

15386

+ 92

21

2.80

20.17

.65

11643

15468

+ 176

23

2.26

9.45

.60

13297

15214

- 78

25

2.43

14.86

.60

12572

15448

+ 156

33

2.02

11.14

.63

13025

15144

-148

37

2.95

13.01

.59

12532

15121

-171

41

3.65

12.22

.63

12584

15159

-133

44

2.48

12.77

.58

12722

15218

- 74

46

2.19

11.57

.61

12904

15150

-142

Av

2.58

12.59

.64

12796

15292

±107

PARR -WHEELER — UNIT COAL AND COAL ASH

TABLE 16
ILLINOIS "No. 2" COAL

Lab.
No.

LOCALITY

Total
Mois-
ture

REFERRED TO
DRY COAL

"Unit Coal"
Basis

B. t. u. - 5000 S

Ash

Sul.

B. t. u.

1.00 -
(1.08 Ash + 22/40S.)

1764
1769
1860
1869
1811
1839
1840
733
1787
734
1861
1875
1878
1876
1765
1785
1768
1775
1795
1831
1748
1857
1411
1802
1793

Bureau Co ....

15.61
15.99
15.60
11.54
15.37
14.93
15.04
14.69
17.18
14.16
13.48
14.25
12.73
9.00
14.03
12.41
15.36
14.60
13.54
16.42
12.02
17.56
12.05
18.52
16.18

9.59
8.96
10.02
10.08
7.55
12.43
12.38
8.17
6.82
5.82
6.88
4.99
4.75
6.87
9.77
8.89
14.03
' 7.29
6.66
8.18
10.13
11.58
10.90
5.45
8.33

4.29
4.04
6.01
4.38
3.67
5.79
6.03
3.62
3.11
1.83
4.29
.79
.71
2.02
3.36
3.23
5.34
1.90
2.90
3.23
3.36
5.47
4.48
3.20
3.55

13008
13191
13099
13148
13558
12581
12538
13217
13450
13436
13516
14113
14115
13799
13033
13329
12241
13539
13743
13418
12980
12666
12866
13650
13361

14657
14743
14904
14912
14888
14739
14687
14616
14622
14395
14744
14943
14902
14975
14686
14858
14618
14761
14908
14829
14704
14669
14739
14606
14802

Bureau Co ....

Brown Co
Christian Co

Fulton Co
Green Co
Green Co :

Grundy Co

Grundy Co
Grundy Co
Hancock Co

Tackson Co

Jackson Co
Jackson Co . . .

La Salle Co ....

La Salle Co ....

LaSalleCo
Marshall Co

Marshall Co

McDonough Co
Me Lean Co
Mercer Co

Peoria Co ....

Warren Co
WoodfordCo

44

ILLINOIS ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION

TABLE 17
ILLINOIS "No. 5" COAL FROM SOUTHERN PART OF STATE

Lab.
No.

LOCALITY

Total
Mois-
ture

REFERRED TO
DRY COAL

"Unit Coal"
Basis

B. t. u. - 5000 S

Ash

Sul.

B. t. u.

1.00 -
(1.08 Ash + 22/40 S.)

1092
1094
1095
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
896
1809

Gallatin Co
Saline Co
Saline Co

4.47
6.03
4.89
4.34
6.64
6.10
5 97

10.85
10.54
11 .49
12.68
9.21
8.99
7.62
9.04
11.58
9.89
10.68
12.53

3.72
3.12
4.16
6.12
2.35
3.52
2.30
2.47
3.26
2.37
3.86
3.62

13235
13212
12931
12879
13367
13415
13700
13450
12942
13298
13073
12853

15133
15024
14916
15157
14927
15019
15011
14993
14911
14973
14930
15000

Saline Co
Saline Co

Saline Co

Saline Co

Saline Co

4.43
6.04
6.13
6.29
6.47

Saline Co

Saline Co . .

Williamson Co
Williamson Co

PARR -WHEELER — UNIT COAL AND COAL ASH

45

TABLE 18
ILLINOIS "No. 5" COAL FROM CENTRAL PART OF STATE

Lab.
No.

LOCALITY

Total
Mois-
ture

REFERRED TO
DRY COAL

"Unit Coal"
Basis

B. t. u. - 5000 S

Ash

Sul.

B. t. u.

1.00 -
(1.08 Ash + "/^S.)

1404
1807
1808
1856
1771
1788
1569a
1874
1749
1847
1848
1403
1407
1408
1409
1410
540
721
740
741
1794
1761
1762
1766
1767
1770
1772
1773
1774
1786
1790
1791
1792
1812
1868
1412
1413
720
1889

Fulton Co

15.09
15.03
15.49
15.44
13.13
12.73
13.91
14.07
12.56
14.15
15.55
14.29
13.86
13.91
13.45
14.73
13.56
14.39
14.30
13.13
13.69
14.61
14.56
15.42
15.53
14.89
14.00
14.44
14.41
14.18
16.41
15.44
15.38
12.99
11.26
14.30
14.35
14.80
11.83

12.52

12.98
13.43
12.22
12.19
12.15
11.33
11.82
14.06
13.54
12.20
15.46
16.25
15.23
16.66
14.78
10.76
13.64
12.75
12.47
14.26
12.48
12.85
14.73
12.68
11.32
12.83
11.71
11.80
14.67
10.69
12.91
10.14
12.76
13.63
11.49
12.45
13.81
12.25

3.79
2.95
3.81
4.17
4.15
3.67
3.82
4.28
4.74
2.82
3.58
3.16
3.91
3.39
3.58
3.97
4.78
4.61
4.11
4.28
3.88
4.55
4.54
4.19
3.83
4.79
4.06
4.85
5.09
5.00
3.65
4.01
4.00
4.31
4.93
3.90
3.53
3.56
3.83

12450
12389
12364
12666
12544
12853
12549
12545
12299
12485
12590
12094
12044
12189
12014
12257
12749
12304
12369
12416
12133
12364
12281
12082
12340
12663
12358
12477
12550
12115
12685
12301
12849
12709
12373
12690
12504
12426
12376

14527
14510
14594
14740
14590
14929
14427
14529
14672
14725
14627
14635
14755
14713
14786
14730
14589
14593
14468
14495
14477
14444
14415
14515
14427
14591
14486
14447
14557
14574
14477
14430
14578
14899
14686
14623
14569
14733
14392

Fulton Co
Fulton Co
Fulton Co
La Salle Co

Livingston Co
Macon Co

Macon Co

Me Lean Co

Me Lean Co
Menard Co

Peoria Co

Peoria Co

Peoria Co

Peoria Co
Peoria Co
Sangamon Co

Sangamon Co

Sangamon Co

Sangamon Co . .

Sangamon Co ....

Sangamon Co
Sangamon Co
Sangamon Co
Sangamon Co
Sangamon Co
Sangamon Co

Sangamon Co

Sangamon Co

Sangamon Co
Sangamon Co

Sangamon Co

Sangamon Co . ...

Schuyler Co
Shelby Co

Tazewell Co

Tazewell Co
Logan Co .

Logan Co ...

46

ILLINOIS ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION

TABLE 19
BLUE BAND COAL

Lab.
No.

LOCALITY

Total
Mois-
ture

REFERRED TO
DRY COAL

"Unit Coal"
Basis

B. t. u. - 5000 S

Ash

Sul.

B. t. u.

1.00-
(1.08 Ash + 22/4oS.)

742
1870
1871
996
997
1177
1178
1175
1176
1845
1846
461
419
420
1810
1722
1723
1776
1777
1799
1800
1651
1652
735
736
737
738
1841
1862
725
1117
1118
1119
1866
1842
1864
1863
1873
421
1523
1614
1615
1591
1592
1835
1610

Christian Co. .
Christian Co

11.82
15.15
14.88
10.97
13.05
15.19
14.81
11.83
12.86
14.94
14.82
14.40
11.19
10.06
10.13
8.47
9.09
9.11
8.48
7.81
9.14
7.48
7.85
12.80
12.71
12.17
12.80
12.89
13.93
11.68
10.33
14.16
11.20
10.31
13.61
12.84
14.76
13.21
9.31
11.03
10.37
9.87
11.11
10.49
10.55
10.72

13.50
9.97
10.67
10.47
13.98
11.15
16.56
10.78
13.59
11.00
11.42
8.08
10.11
7.53
10.29
10.55
8.78
6.42
7.32
13.20
10.22
11.35
12.10
10.86
11.40
12.87
11.90
12.68
12.29
11.22
10.59
13.65
11.72
14.96
8.50
10.58
9.98
11.51
14.71
12.63
13.92
13.86
15.89
12.17
12.12
14.55

4.71
3.70
4.04
4.80
5.29
1.65
2.99
3.96
4.52
3.02
3.34
1.19
.60
.91
.78
2.13
1.21
1.33
1.33
3.85
.68
3.34
4.19
5.38
4.41
5.48
4.33
6.49
5.23
4.85
4.12
2.81
5.17
5.61
4.37
4.30
4.60
4.90
.98
1.01
3.93
3.28
4.34
3.84
4.50
5.07

12203
12745
12696
12815
12232
12569
11639
12659
12246
12890
12797
13400
12985
13312
12945
12778
13173
13620
13527
12650
12970
12824
12611
12469
12360
12303
12440
12214
12371
12762
12681
12114
12499
12167
13473
12743
12712
12570
12181
12453
12293
12261
11859
12361
12393
11978

14448
14405
14484
14614
14596
14342
14262
14459
14512
14734
14715
14722
14597
14519
14590
14491
14595
14679
14734
14897
14603
14735
14655
14301
14238
14477
14419
14369
14441
14692
14457
14303
14485
14720
14990
14534
14398
14522
14517
14456
14607
14534
14471
14359
14412
14385

Christian Co

Clinton Co
Clinton Co

Clinton Co

Clinton Co

Clinton Co ....

Clinton Co
Edgar Co
Edgar Co
Franklin Co

Franklin Co

Franklin Co

Franklin Co

Franklin Co

Franklin Co.

Franklin Co . .

Franklin Co . . . .

Jackson Co

Jackson Co

Jefferson Co

Jefferson Co

Macoupin Co

Macoupin Co

Macoupin Co

Macoupin Co . . .

Macoupin Co
Macoupin Co
Madison Co

Madison Co

Madison Co

Madison Co

Marion Co

Montgomery Co
Montgomery Co
Montgomery Co
Montgomery Co
Perry Co

Perry Co

Perry Co

Perry Co

Perry Co

Perry Co

Perry Co

Randolph Co

PARR -WHEELER — UNIT COAL AND COAL ASH

47

TABLE 19
BLUE BAND COAL — (Concluded)

Lab.
No.

LOCALITY

Total
Mois-
ture

\

REFERRED TO
DRY COAL

"Unit Coal"
Basis

B. t. u. - 5000 S

Ash

Sul.

B. t. u.

1.00 -
(1.08 Ash + 22/4oS.)

1616
1120
722
1763
739
723
724
991
995
993
1001
1002
1003
1129
1130
1174
1600
557
558
1540
1843
1844
1643
1121
459
460
1088
462
1611
1612
1567
1613
1801
1805
1806
1804
1917
1918

Randolph Co
Saline Co

9.93
5.98
14.96
14.69
13.14
12.11
12.23
9.76
10.05
9.44
13.75
13.15
9.41
15.91
11.11
15.46
11.43
12.56
12.96
17.73
13.23
13.41
10.41
6.71
9.99
9.50
6.69
9.39
10.15
6.12
6.80
9.69
9.75
7.58
9.79
6.77
8.86
9.34

13.41
13.79
11.04
10.98
12.23
12.23
9.69
15.80
12.47
11.23
12.53
13.43
12.94
11.07
12.00
12.73
15.14
9.15
8.03
11.95
11.43
9.76
11.34
11.50
8.48
10.13
10.65
7.66
9.73
13.76
11.84
10.23
8.13
12.10
9.85
13.29
9.65
9.50

5.36
3.73
4.55
4.95
5.03
4.37
3.33
4.76
4.19
4.37
2.13
3.23
4.90
4.70
4.72
4.02
5.69
1.41
1.78
1.15
3.17
3.52
4.35
4.46
1.03
1.12
2.50
1.89
1.06
4.42
2.96
1.16
1.71
3.85
2.19
5.08
1.15
1.74

12245
12505
12640
12503
12372
12604
12982
12202
12587
12723
12486
12290
12701
12706
12587
12428
11908
13058
13304
12561
12842
13083
12468
12744-
13323
13078
13016
13475
13229
12461
12788
13077
13438
12698
13048
12517
13103
13172

14505
14830
14503
14349
14425
14676
14612
14895
14694
14630
14512
14486
14948
14593
14625
14549
14435
14537
14626
14463
14761
14748
14351
14708
14701
14724
14795
14754
14763
14799
14770
14742
14791
14745
14676
14800
14685
14739

Sangamon Co

Sangamon Co

Sangamon Co
St Glair Co

St Clair Co

St Clair Co

St. Clair Co
St. Clair Co
St. Clair Co
St. Clair Co
St. Clair Co

St. Clair Co

St. Clair Co

St. Clair Co

St. Clair Co

Vermilion Co
Vermilion Co

Vermilion Co

Vermilion Co

Vermilion Co
Washington Co
White Co
Williamson Co
Williamson Co

Williamson Co
Williamson Co
Williamson Co
Williamson Co

Williamson Co
Williamson Co

Williamson Co

Williamson Co

Williamson Co
Williamson Co
Williamson Co

Williamson Co . ...

APPENDIX A

50

ILLINOIS ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION

TABLE 20

UNIT COAL VALUES

Compiled from Bulletin 9, Fourth Series, 1908, Ohio State Geological Survey

No.

COUNTY

ANALYSES OF COAL
AS RECEIVED

"Unit Coal"
Basis

B. t. u. - 5000 S

Mois-
ture

Ash

Sul-
phur

B. t. u.

1.00 -
(1.08 Ash + 22/4o S.)

CLARION OR No. 4 COAL

65

Lawrence

6.34

17 41

5 29

10741

67

Lawrence

5.86

15 28

5.36

11133

68

Lawrence

6.11

9.94

3.61

11957

66

Lawrence

6.00

11.86

5.10

11734

64

Scioto

6 80

9 34

3 45

11763

63

Jackson

4 90

13 70

6 14

11495

62

Jackson

5 31

13 54

6 08

11381

55

Jackson

5 61

8 09

3 70

12279

56

Jackson

4 98

9 80

4 08

12154

57

J ackson

4 71

8 61

3 73

12361

60

Jackson

5 33

8 40

3 72

12206

59

Vinton

4 72

11 21

4 16

12049

61
54

Vinton
Vinton

4.52
5.02

8.85
8.15

4.23
2.81

12337
12469

58

Vinton

4.61

11.10

5.28

12053

70

Vinton

5.02

8.97

3.32

12528

69

Vinton

4.95

9.32

3.53

12445

Averaee. .

5.34

10.80

4.33

11947

LOWER KITTANING OR No. 5 COAL

14562
14547
14508
14645
14272
14545
14436
14465
14538
14505
14387
14640
14505
14639
14645
14780
14775
14551

74

Lawrence . ...

7 57

8 79

3 20

12199

14830

75
76
71
72

Lawrence
Jackson
Perry
Perry

8.07
8.39
6.85
6.74'

9.71
7.42
10.16
7.12

2.13
2.65
4.72
2.58

11927
12190
11864
12393

14727
14679
14612
14574

73

Muskingum

5 05

7 77

4 80

12569

14691

776

Jefferson

2 46

7 40

3 82

13664

15406

77

Tuscarawas

5 30

7 71

3 25

12902

15061

77a

Mahoning . ...

5 23

4 72

2 17

13504

15141

Av. .

6.18

7.87

3.26

12578

14863

MIDDLE KITTANING OR No. 6 COAL

136

Lawrence

5 99

4 82

3 61

13165

14957

82a

Lawrence . ....

6 64

10 92

3.32

11927

14749

826
89a
83

Gallia
Athens
Athens

8.08
6.36
6 17

8.52
8.49
7 82

3.64
0.51
0 90

12091
12454
12362

14753
14764
14511

84

Athens

6 70

6 75

2 28

12458

14563

PARR -WHEELER — UNIT COAL AND COAL ASH

TABLE 20
UNIT COAL VALUES — (Continued)

51

No.

COUNTY

ANALYSES OF COAL
AS RECEIVED

"Unit Coal"
Basis

B. t. u. - 5000 S

Mois-
ture

Ash

Sul-
phur

B. t. u.

1.00 -
1.08 Ash + M/«oS.)

85
82
81
89
90
86
87
88
80
79
91
78
92
93
95
94
97
98
101
100
96
99
104
102
103
111
112
108
109
105
110
113
114
118
120
107
133
131
115
130
129
124
134
116
128

Athens

6.80

4.90
6.52
7.14
7.28
7.55
7.45
7.40
6.55
7.76
5.79
7.00
5.25
5.90
6.72
7.21
5.70
6.40
5.08
4.67
5.02
5.44
5.55
4.75
4.62
4.37
10.93
4.33
5.12
5.32
5.60
4.44
4.58
5.32
4.50
5.40
3.45
3.41
4.72
3.78
3.81
4.10
3.18
5.19
4.30

8.05
10.15
8.03
6.72
6.73
5.85
4.81
5.00
6.97
7.47
5.91
6.95
9.86
10.10
6.64
5.26
8.45
7.58
9.77
9.83
9.56
9.28
5.23
9.28
6.58
5.36
6.64
5.59
7.02
6.30
13.28
4.45
8.75
8.60
5.97
5.08
7.67
9.38
5.47
8.42
6.01
5.21
6.93
5.87
7.63

2:14

4.25
3.52
1.65
0.86
0.77
0.66
1.06
2.57
1.45
1.00
2.33
3.43
4.96
2.43
2.34
3.38
2.72
5.54
4.10
5.97
3.77
3.63
5.35
4.49
3.61
2.03
4.00
3.87
4.22
4.87
3.54
5.36
4.36
3.63
3.18
5.22
4.88
4.05
3.83
3.24
3.25
4.12
3.55
3.97

12229
12321
12330
12353
12409
12510
12703
12649
12422
12190
12569
12384
12191
12035
12425
12614
12332
12361
12244
12371
12164
12280
12944
12337
12827
13045
11039
13084
12719
12755
11200
13232
12380
12290
12911
12949
12843
12548
12958
12782
13151
13196
13149
12820
12602

14547
14802
14666
14488
14552
14552
14563
14542
14548
14534
14510
14569
14620
14649
14513
14562
14600
14569
14716
14756
14581
14663
14703
14668
14689
14643
13871*
14736
14708
14661
14159
14702
14589
14546
14623
14641
14733
14686
14637
14808
14774
14730
14865
14613
14546

Vinton

Hocking

Athens

Athens

Hocking

Hocking

Hocking

Hocking

Perry

Perry

Perry

Perry

Perry

Perry

Perry

Perry

Perry

Muskingum

Muskingum

Mu.skingu.rn

Muskingum

Muskingum

Muskingum

Muskingum

Coshocton

Coshocton

Coshocton

Coshocton

Coshocton .

Coshocton

Coshocton
Coshocton

Coshocton

Coshocton

Coshocton

Tuscarawas
Tuscarawas
Tuscarawas ....

Tuscarawas
Tuscarawas
Tuscarawas

Tuscarawas

Tuscarawas
Tuscarawas

* Low B. t. u. due to weathering.

52

ILLINOIS ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION

TABLE 20
UNIT COAL VALUES — (Continued)

No.

COUNTY

ANALYSES OF COAL
AS RECEIVED

"Unit Coal"
Basis

B. t. u. - 5000 S

Mois-
ture

Ash

Sul-
phur

B. t. u.

1.00 -
(1.08 Ash + 22/40 S.)

117
106
121
122
123
132
138
127
119
125
126
135
137
139

Coshocton

4.70
5.30
3.52
4.94
3.51
3.76
7.15
4.66
7.31
4.69
4.92
6.66
3.60
5.65

11.29
6.15
6.01
9.50
7.69
6.79
4.56
6.22
4.21
9.06
7.04
8.22
4.60
10.08

5.60
3.72
3.17
4.19
4.56
3.06
2.62
3.28
1.00
4.70
2.91
2.66
1.76
4.13

11869
12751
13135
12341
12875
13028
12949
12775
12514
12386
12748
12559
14020
12362

14481
14609
14705
14706
14761
14760
14820
14525
14230
14649
14676
14971
15401
14973

Coshocton
Tuscarawas

Tuscarawas

Tuscarawas

Carroll

Tuscarawas

Tuscarawas

Holmes

Tuscarawas

Tuscarawas
Stark...
Columbiana

Stark
Av..

5.56 1 7.36

3.30

12564

14644

UPPER FREEPORT, WATERLOO OR No. 7 COAL

147
144
145
146
142
140
141
143

148
149
150
151

Lawrence

7.20
7.85
8.37
8.45
7.62
7.13
8.77
8.38

10.67
12.18
8.23
11.28
12.39
8.91
8.71
10.09

2.33
2.66
1.29
0.93
1.81
1.31
0.76
1.84

11801
11349
11873
11529
11468
12089
11855
11695

14824
14465
14396
14547
14586
14570
14517
14556

Lawrence
Lawrence

Lawrence
Gallia

Lawrence

Lawrence

Lawrence

Av

7.97

FREEP

4.89
4.72
5.11
6.40

10.31

ORT OR '.

7.78
7.56
12.60
3.19

1.62

Vo. 7 C

4.36
5.00
3.84
2.01

11707

OAL

12499
12683
11804
13185

14531

14566
14736
14667
14694

UPPER
Muskingum

Muskingum.

Muskingum
Coshocton

Av

5.28

7.78

3.80

12542

14665

PARR -WHEELER — UNIT COAL AND COAL ASH

TABLE 20
UNIT COAL VALUES — (Continued)

53

No.

COUNTY

ANALYSES OF COAL
AS RECEIVED

"Unit Coal"
Basis

B. t. u. - 5000 S

Mois-
ture

Ash

Sul-
phur

B. t. u.

1.00 -
(1.08 Ash + 22/4o S.)

25
27
28
26
23
24
24
22
9
11
8
3
4
7
10
6
5
1
2
6a
2a
12
15
ISa
18
21
20
16
13
19
14
17

PIT
Gallia

TSBURG

5.80
6.98
7.83
6.73
5.78
6.60
4.51
6.87
2.79
4.08
2.91
3.51
3.80
3.21
4.47
3.75
4.46
3.39
3.79
4.25
4.23
3.10
3.13
4.57
6.54
5.98
3.83
4.89
4.96
4.18
4.30
5.05

OR No.

10.06
9.03
9.76
13.03
8.00
10.20
11.49
8.19
9.42
10.61
8.00
6.86
8.95
7.26
11.01
10.84
10.76
7.86
9.00
10.35
9.21
9.52
8.22
9.00
6.74
5.97
10.88
10.46
6.45
8.22
7.88
7.95

8 COAL

4.34
5.21
3.89
4.37
4.19
3.41
4.88
4.22
5.09
4.95
4.31
3.76
4.27
4.28
4.67
4.76
4.45
2.97
4.16
3.95
4.17
3.83
4.02
1.55
2.19
1.35
4.38
4.09
1.75
2.83
3.01
2.61

11792
11849
11779
11441
12299
11892
11945
12100
12987
12476
13212
13185
12785
13135
12375
12357
12425
12991
12861
12425
12605
12875
13019
12789
12710
12964
12355
12515
13099
12888
12859
12865

14301
14413
14575
14614
14618
14560
14553
14504
14134
14961
15099
14937
14933
14920
14976
14794
14977
14850
15027
14840
14842
15008
14943
14980
14829
14853
14798
15095
14938
14928
14858
14995

Gallia

Gallia

Gallia

Athens

Athens

Athens

Morgan
Belmont
Belmont
Belmont
Belmont

Belmont

Belmont

B elmont

B elmont

B elmont

B elmont

B elmont

B elmont

B elmont

Jefferson . . .

Jefferson

Jefferson

Harrison
Harrison

Harrison

Jefferson

Jefferson

Jefferson

Jefferson

Jefferson

Av..

4.70

9.10

3.81

12559

14835

POMEROY OR No. 8a COAL

34
33

Gallia
Meigs

8.21
4.85

11.46
12.52

2.18
2.94

11497
11923

14561
14718

29

Meiers

7 33

8 69

2 05

12105

14608

30

Meigs

7 22

9.29

1.32

12002

14552

31

Meigs

5 51

10.58

4.17

11990

14588

32

Meigs

7.63

10.93

1.83

11722

14618

Av

6.79

10.58

2.42

11873

14608

'

54

ILLINOIS ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION

TABLE 20
UNIT COAL VALUES — (Concluded)

No.

COUNTY

ANALYSES OF COAL
AS RECEIVED

"Unit Coal"
Basis

B. t. u. - 5000 S

Mois-
ture

Ash

Sul-
phur

B. t. u.

1.00 -
(1.08 Ash + 22/4oS.)

MEIGS CREEK OR No. 9 COAL

53

Washington

2.95

12.89

5.55

12245

14946

52

Washington

3.40

9.58

5.03

12749

14970

44

Noble

3 06

12 33

6 00

12357

15011

45

Noble

2 90

10 16

4 27

12692

14895

43

Noble

2 55

11 41

5 79

12514

14918

42

Noble

3 12

12 85

5 60

12130

14827

50

Morgan

5 13

11 74

4 89

11925

15270

48

Morgan

5 05

10 37

4 30

12114

14621

49

Morgan

4.07

10.66

5.07

12202

14637

47

Noble

3.54

13.23

6.21

11956

14787

46

Noble

4.85

9.82

5.59

12301

14757

37

Belmont

4 47

13 07

3 27

12002

14870

40

B elmont

3 40

14 94

4 39

11840

14890

41

B elmont

3 52

11 84

3 67

12391

14947

39

Belmont . .

4 17

9 60

3 11

12602

14863

38

Belmont

4 31

11 68

1 94

12307

14888

36a

Belmont

7.52

11.24

2.11

11860

14846

36

Belmont

4.98

12.82

2.41

11974

14846

35

Harrison

5.35

10.29

2.20

12393

14919

Av

4 11

11 60

4 28

12240

14845

APPENDIX B

56 ILLINOIS ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION

TABLE 21
UNIT COAL VALUES

Compiled from Bulletins 261, 290, 332, United States
Geological Survey

State
No.

Table

No.

COUNTY

ANALYSES OF COAL
AS RECEIVED

"Unit Coal"
Basis

B. t. u. - 5000 S

Mois-
ture

Ash

Sul-
phur

B. t. u.

1.00 -

(1.08 Ash + 22/40S.)

ALABAMA

1

1078M*

Walker

1 35

13 63

71

12991

1

1201C*

Walker

2 34

12 54

72

12856

1075M

Walker

2 25

9 04

1 09

13133

2

1076M

Walker . .

2 42

11 13

1 10

12695

2

3011M

Walker

4.71

10 17

1 33

12596

.0 tO tO

1225C
3211C
3018M

Walker
Walker
Bibb

3.36
3.95
3 03

12.43
14.59
10 72

1.01
1.12
49

12350
11785
13034

2

3255C

Bibb

2 72

14 36

55

12461

4
4

3034M
3103C
409 1M

Bibb
Bibb
Blount

3.67
6.43
2 93

3.14
12.92
2 73

1.22
1.08
65

14396
12395
14693

5

4252C

Blount

5 59

16 08

1 40

11906

6

4293M

Jefferson

2 81

3 51

59

14643

5

4338C

Jefferson

3.23

6.71

.61

14074

ARKANSAS

15509
15313
14967
14879
14992
14879
14722
15285
15263
15536
15616
15636
15518
15701
15747

1

1045M

Sebastian

1.02

7 49

1 10

14434

15927

1

1

2585M
1114C

Sebastian
Sebastian

3.53
3.24

7.77
12.61

1.29
1.24

14017
13129

15971
15846

1

2689C

Sebastian

7.49

17.97

1.06

11369

15604

2

1049M

Sebastian

95

6 97

2 12

14387

15806

2
3
3

1160C
1115M
1296C

Sebastian
Sebastian
Sebastian . .

2.23
1.60
2 19

9.20
7.91
11 63

1.87
1.42
1 28

13750
14162
13464

15733
15818
15849

5
5
7
7

1130M
1331C
2593M
2688C

Franklin
Franklin
Sebastian
Sebastian

1.38
2.36
3.97
5.47

6.95
12.08
5.91
11.69

1.52
1.99
1.53
2.02

14330
13259
14236
12690

15790
15761
15945
15582

7

2722C

Sebastian

6 89

15 00

2 24

12060

15787

8
8

2587M
2744C

Johnson
Johnson . .

3.12
5 19

8.46
14 01

1.84
2.05

13793
12460

15797
15731

9

2599M

Sebastian ....

1 99

7 06

1.05

14087

15628

9

2690C

Sebastian

5.26

24.81

1.00

10451

15434

10

2647M

Ouachita

39.50

12.58

.53

5877

12551

10

2726C

Ouachita

39.43

9.71

.49

6356

12717

13

3798M

Franklin

2 91

17 51

3 12

12312

15898

13

4626C

^Franklin

1 76

14 96

2 29

12926

15853

* Samples marked M are mine samples: those marked C are car samples of various sizes of coal.

PARR -WHEELER — UNIT COAL AND COAL ASH

57

TABLE 21
UNIT COAL VALUES — (Continued)

ANALYSES OF COAL

"Unit Coal"

AS RECEIVED

Basis

State

Table

COUNTY

No.

No.

B. t. u. - 5000 S

Mois-

Sul-

1.00 -

ture

Ash

phur

B. t. u.

( 1.08 Ash + 22/40S.)

CALIFORNIA

1
1

1607M
1680C

Alarneda . .

18
18

02

51

Coi

16.37
15.49

.ORADO

3
3

07
05

8105
8507

Alameda

1

1

1383M
1523C

Boulder
Boulder. .

20

18

02
68

3

5

61
99

.52

.55

10237
10143

FLORIDA
3270C | Orange (21.00J 5.17

GEORGIA

.45 8127

12699
13243

13477
13570

11076

1

4156M

Chattanooga. . .

2.85

7.84

.67

14198

16039

1

4320C

Chattanooga. . .

3.80

14.49

1.27

12791

15939

ILLINOIS

24

2854M

Clinton

13.43

9.18

3.35

10937

14395

24

2972C

Clinton

11.44

10.71

4.94

10958

14422

25

2856M

Clinton . .

11 .64

8.66

3.41

11290

14416

35

2991C

Clinton ....

11.35

13.40

4.76

10733

14666

23

4385M

Clinton . . .

15.06

9.65

1.05

10726

14435

10

1648C

Franklin . . .

9.50

11.44

1.45

11506

14783

13

1694M

Franklin . . .

9.46

8.12

1.63

11990

14745

13

1786C

Franklin

8.31

10.48

1.55

11727

14651

19

1871M

Franklin

9.90

7.74

.48

12001

14699

19

1926C

Franklin

14.91

8.93

.52

10958

14545

19

2020C

Franklin

10.72

9.36

.91

11686

14800

18

1741M

La Salle

13.87

10.31

3.44

10985

14790

18

1779C

La Salle

12.39

8.92

3.92

11399

14784

26

3003

Logan

15.68

12.09

3.51

10215

14482

9

1625M

Macoupin

13.29

8.90

4.12

11162

14641

9

1635C

Macoupin

13.54

10.74

4.03

10807

14599

9

1639C

Macoupin

13.72

10.32

3.96

10870

14627

9

4247C

Macoupin . .

15.25

15.35

3.81

9790

14528

20

2731C

Macoupin . .

14.68

13.68

3.88

10053

14409

4

1341M

Madison . . . .

15.09

7.42

.83

11151

14533

4

1417C

Madison

12.91

11 .64

1.32

10804

14552

58

ILLINOIS ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION

TABLE 21
UNIT COAL VALUES — (Continued)

State
No.

Table
No.

COUNTY

ANALYSES OF COAL
AS RECEIVED

"Unit Coal"
Basis

B. t. u. - 5000 S

Mois-
ture

Ash

Sul-
phur

B. t. u.

1.00 -

(1.08 Ash + 22/4oS.)

5
7
7
7
21
21
22
22
22
23
23
23
29
29
29
29
29
15
15
6
6
6
6
8
1
1
2
30
30
31
31
14
14
27
27
34
34
34
3
3
11
11
11
11
12
12

1556C
1609M
1611C
1780C
2770M
2852C
2772M
2905C
2896C
2774M
2819C
2803C
3911M
3913M
3958C
3963C
3980C
1725M
1761C
1449M
1661M
1557C
1702C
1627C
1095M
1261C
1152C
3912M
4364C
4251M
4376C
1704M
1740C
2897M
3052C
4414M
4636C
4622C
1170M
1318C
1634M
1654C
1660C
1718C
1683M
1762C

Madison

17.02
11.87
11.46
10.83
15.23
15.54
13.51
11.91
13.03
13.07
13.47
15.68
14.25
12.69
12.47
13.10
12.25
10.25
9.95
14.89
12.90
14.43
11.93
13.20
11.17
9.75
12.03
9.88
11.69

16.79
11.58
17.31
13.18
9.03
10.93
10.15
13.01
14.53
10.06
11.53
15.59
9.44
8.76
12.56
16.00
12.33
12.53
13.23
7.87
11.08
13.28
14.18
12.53
10.32
13.20
22.44
10.81
13.19
8.75
13.25
11.26
11.78
8.18
13.77
7.48
11.89
8.38
7.15
11.28
9.26
10.61
11.66
7.66
10.83
12.95

3.29
4.75
4.40
4.53
1.59
1.38
4.01
5.34
4.35
3.59
4.41
3.98
3.72
3.62
4.37
4.17
4.42
3.70
3.87
3.61
3.78
4.01
4.29
4.47
4.22
4.10
4.00
3.83
4.38
3.13
3.66
3.83
4.16
4.41
4.05
1.58
2.76
2.36
.99
1.72
2.82
1.97
2.46
1.65
2.81
3.48

9319
10768
10026
10816
10901
10507
10881
10615
10192
10949
10510
9655
10892
11236
10667
9983
10719
11077
10960
11016
10856
10064
10303
10514
11223
11025
9149
11439
10699
10858
10363
10636
10757
11007
9940
12686
11572
12418
12386
11776
11999
11957
11702
12236
11837
11362

14523
14425
14542
14618
14595
14517
14566
14554
14480
14535
14360
14483
14566
14571
14602
14519
14578
14683
14622
14518
14602
14290
14332
14673
14612
14675
14542
14733
14625
14375
14423
14540
14607
14488
14554
15091
14984
15029
14646
14916
14794
14835
14956
14797
14867
14740

Madison
Madison

Madison

Madison

Madison

Madison

Madison
Madison
Madison
Madison

Madison

Madison

Madison

Madison

Madison
Madison

Marion

Marion
Montgomery. . .
Montgomery. . .
Montgomery. . .
Montgomery. . .
Montgomery. . .
St. Clair
St. Clair
St. Clair

St. Clair

St Clair

St. Clair
St. Clair
Sangamon
Sangamon ....

14.38
13.10
13.89
12.77

Sangamon
Sangamon
Saline

14.29
16.00
7.51
9.33
7.81
7.50
8.50
8.30
7.76
8.86
8.61
8.29
8.20

Saline

Saline
Williamson ....
Williamson ....
Williamson ....
Williamson ....
Williamson ....
Williamson ....
Williamson ....
Williamson ....

PARR -WHEELER — UNIT COAL AND COAL ASH

59

TABLE 21
UNIT COAL VALUES — (Continued)

State
No.

Table
No.

COUNTY

ANALYSES OF COAL
AS RECEIVED

"Unit Coal"
Basis

B. t. u. - 5000 S

Mois-
ture

Ash

Sul-
phur

B. t. u.

1.00 -
(1.08 Ash + 23/40S.)

12
12
12
16
16
28
28

4201C
3907C
4085C
1731M
1820C
3629M
3789C

Williamson ....
Williamson ....
Williamson ....
Williamson ....
Williamson ....
Williamson ....
Williamson ....

15.87
12.61
15.31
9.37
8.43
8.72
7.78

9.52
10.50
10.47
7.37
9.60
7.62
9.98

2.34
2.37
2.32
1.25
1.14
1.00
1.32

10784
11066-
10820
12058
11959
12200
11959

14701
14647
14846
14632
14772
14727
14770

INDIANA

20
20
15

3536M
3979C
3473M

cjay

Clay
Greene ....

5.38
6.91
3.53

5.88
17.37
7.55

1.95
1.89
.95

11680
9524
11738

15004
14900
15028

15

3567C

Greene

3.58

8.15

.91

11419

14749

16
17

3564C
3516M

Greene
Knox

0.30
0.60

11.75
8.30

4.23
3.69

11218
11752

14737
14754

17

3981C

Knox

2.08

11.02

3.65

11011

14630

10

1853M

Parke

1.54

9.62

4.41

11655

15116

10

1979C

Parke

0.72

8.57

3.83

11767

14857

19

3534M

Parke

13.70

5.91

2.66

11930

15036

7

1824M

Pike

10.18

8.12

3.96

12181

15193

7

1881C

Pike

8 90

9 21

3 74

12008

14946

7
12
12

1882C
2701M
2759C

Pike
Pike
Pike

11.12
11.29
10 57

9.35
6.87
11 65

3.78
3.09
3 87

11549
11921
11266

14811
14772
14818

18

3525M

Pike

12 88

6 14

1.70

11801

14728

18

3801C

Pike

11 13

6 98

1.64

12031

14856

1

1410M

Sullivan . . .

13 25

9.16

1.87

11360

14857

1

1507C

Sullivan

11 40

13.40

2.50

11061

15032

4
4
5
5
6
6

1775M
1844C
1773M
1859C
1772M
1875C

Sullivan
Sullivan
Sullivan
Sullivan
Sullivan
Sullivan .

14.86
13.99
12.14
12.03
10.45
10.80

7.35
14.32
8.96
10.88
9.58
12.62

2.26
2.31

3.54
4.27
4.04
4.39

11324
10318
11516
11192
11745
11185

14759
14730
14875
14726
14995
14990

11
11

8

8

1883M
2087C
1828M
2037C

Sullivan
Sullivan
Vigo
Visfo

14.23
12.15
10.68
9 55

5.72
8.14
12.24
10.61

.89
1.41
4.38
3.72

11722
11761
11261
11759

14764
14934
14984
15042

9
9

1848M
1960C

Vigo
Vigo

13.73
13.53

8.65
10.76

3.00
3.15

11360
10948

14891
14759

9
13

1973C
3467M

Vigo
Vigo

12.82
13.43

10.30
7.34

3.27
2.16

11119
11448

14752
14642

13

3748C

Vitro

12 97

12 09

3.18

10899

14871

14
14

3491M
3775C

Vigo
Vitro

13.62
7 88

7.11
14.20

3.28
5.14

11543
11146

14797
14725

60

ILLINOIS ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION

TABLE 21
UNIT COAL VALUES — (Continued)

State
No.

Table
No.

COUNTY

ANALYSES OF COAL
AS RECEIVED

"Unit Coal"
Basis

B. t. u. - 5000 S

Mois-
ture

Ash

Sul-
phur

B. t. u.

1.00 -
(1.08 Ash + 22/4oS.)

2
2
3
3

1425M
1495C
1759M
1941C

Warrick

9.28
9.62
11.28
13.18

9.34
13.02
7.63
15.63

4.44
4.43
3.58
4.79

11799
11122
11792
10030

14806
14754
14792
14547

Warrick
Warrick

Warrick. .

IOWA

1270M
1347C
1289M

Davis
Davis
Marion

11.35
8.24
15.65

10.51
16.00
11 .64

4.72
5.03
5.10

11345
11027
10289

14871
15026
14548

1570C

Marion

14.21

15.22

4.66

10019

14652

1312M

Polk

14.42

10.99

5.89

10640

14680

1434C

Polk

13.88

14.01

6.15

10244

14698

1323M
1437C
1332M
1433C

Appanoose
Appanoose
Lucas
Lucas

17.13

14.08
18.69
15.39

7.07
10.96
7.73
12.63

4.00
4.26
2.39
3.19

10931
10723
10505
10242

14694
14650
14496
14567

INDIAN TERRITORY

1059M
1138C
1071M
1184C
1080M

(Town)
Henryetta
Henryetta
Hartshorne. . . .
Hartshorne ....
Edwards

8.87
7.04
1.46
4.45
2.93

8.63
10.01
6.40
11.00
10.30

1.62
1.92
1.38
1.52
3.73

12096
12202
14040
12607
12591

14848
14929
15375
15129
14786

1274C

Edwards

4.61

11.14

3.63

12319

14918

1151M

Lehigh

6 50

9 31

3 67

11842

14318

1470C

Lehigh

6 24

13 21

3.96

11228

14267

1481C

Lehigh

8 29

25.05

3.95

9110

14264

4020C

Panama. .

5.11

8.03

1.18

13662

15897

KANSAS

1

1018M

(County)
Crawford

2 91

9 55

3 79

12947

15063

1

2

1097C
1017M

Crawford
Crawford

4.99
2 44

12.97
10 60

4.28
5.63

12242
13043

15293
15373

2
3
3

1122C
1037M
1086C

Crawford
Cherokee
Cherokee

4.18
2.54
2.50

17.91
9.87
12.45-

6.27

4.47
5.68

11642
13340
12900

15511
15535
15589

4

1473C

Atchison

6.95

12.19

8.04

11905

15244

5

1411M

Cherokee

5.11

8.90

4.34

12926

15332

5
6

1567C
2790M

Cherokee
Linn

4.10
11 13

10.54
12 60

3.77
2.41

12895
11219

15412
15011

6

2843C

Linn

9 04

15 72

3.72

11142

15231

PARR -WHEELER — UNIT COAL AND COAL ASH

TABLE 21
UNIT COAL VALUES — (Continued}

61

State
No.

Table
No.

COUNTY

ANALYSES OF COAL
AS RECEIVED

"Unit Coal"
Basis

B. t. u. - 5000 S

Mois-
ture

Ash

Sul-
phur

B. t. u.

1.00 -
(1.08 Ash + 22/4o S.)

KENTUCKY

1321M
2350M

Bell
Bell

2.91
3 42

3.53
3 18

.89
1 53

14322 1
14375

1474C

Bell

3 10

4 39

1 22

14148

2445C

Bell

5 21

8 22

1 12

13214

1365M

Hopkins ....

8 49

7 10

3 53

12344

1461C
1367M
1506C
1382M
1539C

Hopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins
Webster
Webster

7.91
7.98
7.92
4.61

5.27

9.13
9.30
10.06
7.40
14.18

3.62
4.03
3.52
3.33

4.54

12200
11965
12022
12861
11950

2270M

Harlan

4.32

2.28

.48

14121

2528C

Harlan

4.36

3.70

.67

13923

2405M

Johnson

6.95

2.03

.48

13687

2592C

Johnson

5.12

2.76

.57

13743

2453M
2595C
3678M

Muhlenberg ....
Muhlenberg ....
Union

8.76
8.47
7 46

9.42
9.48
4 60

4.07
3.60
97

11965
11986
13489

3860C

Union

5 46

7 92

1 18

13239

3722M

Ohio

10 03

7 67

2 56

12076

3723M

Ohio

9 89

8 69

2 45

11927

3865C

Ohio . .

8.70

8.96

3.14

12078

MARYLAND

1 2018M
1 2274C

Garrett.
Garrett .

2.47
2.33

9.55
13.13

1.23
1.49

13853
13255

MISSOURI

15280
15491
15397
15427
14858
14979
14748
14944
14836
15240
15165
15217
15054
14975
14919
14886
15443
15444
14758
14872
14922

15936
15942

1
1

2
2
3

1043M
1126C
1226M
1348C
1549C

Bates
Bates
Macon
Macon
Putnam

4.92
8.33
14.74
11.50
15.71

14.52
19.36
7.78
16.86
20.78

5.34
5.25
3.79
5.16
3.69

11992
10586
11185
10179
8840

15334
15209
14705
14709
14471

4

1446M

Morgan

13.34

6.91

5.06

11605

14855

4

5
5

1516C

2795M
2865C

Morgan
Randolph
Randolph

12.67
13.38
12 92

4.83
10.02
13.62

5.12
4.48
5.03

12487
11084
10548

15426
14808
14793

6

2817M

Randolph

14 01

10.29

5.23

11030

14955

6

2904C

Randolph

13.80

11.74

5.60

10796

14929

7

2823M

Adair

17.19

9.28

2.76

10598

14677

7

2936C

Adair

16.36

19.51

3.53

9007

14566

7

2942C

Adair

17.30

23.38

2.94

8240

14496

7
10

2937C
4197M

Adair
Macon

16.39
15 41

20.18
11.61

3.12
3.78

8946
10582

14626
14853

10

4257C

Macon . . .

15 23

20.50

3.69

9099

14712

62

ILLINOIS ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION

TABLE 21
UNIT COAL VALUES — (Continued}

State
No.

Table
No.

COUNTY

ANALYSES OF COAL
AS RECEIVED

"Unit Coal"
Basis

B. t. u. - 5000 S

Mois-
ture

Ash

Sul-
phur

B. t. u.

1.00 -
( 1.08 Ash + 22/4«S.)

1298C
4234C
4271C

Carbon. .
Carbon. .
Carbon. .

MONTANA

11.05
8.51
8.56

10.97
15.39
13.39

1.73
.60
.54

10539
10478
10685

13727
14017
13899

NEW MEXICO

(102S)M

(1026)M

McKinley

10 96

4 01

52

11885

1278C

McKinley

12 29

6 99

63

11252

1028M

McKinley

9.68

8.08

1 .55

11623

1307C

McKinley

10.79

18.66

1.26

9907

3221M

Coif ax

2 50

9 13

72

13127

3295C

Coif ax

3 45

16 67

73

11893

3307C

Coif ax

4 36

15 92

83

11912

3308C

Coif ax

2 75

15 52

64

12166

3228M

Coif ax

2 19

11.11

57

13063

3331C

Coif ax

2.78

14.57

.61

12294

3315C

Coif ax

3.38

13.54

.61

12445

3226M

Coif ax

2.25

12.37

.75

13030

3294C

Coif ax. ,

2.72

14.57

.69

12539

14048
14058
14301
14398
15006
15173
15220
15141
15246
15113
15202
15472
15408

NORTH DAKOTA

1971M

Stark

42.06

7.66

1.13

6158

1279C
2289C

Stark
Stark

35.38
32.64

9.35
11.42

1.55
3.54

6923
6970

1730M

^^illiams

41 13

5 36

72

6485

1416C
2365C

Williams
Williams

36.78
36 13

5.09
5 04

.48
59

7204
7326

1935M
2243C

McLean
McLean . .

40.53
35.96

5.05

7.75

.76
1.15

6644
7069

12441
12756
12798
12242
12496
12558
12325
12740

OHIO

6

2095M

Belmont

3.99

8.07

3.49

13102

15144

6
11

2392C
3986M

Belmont
Belmont . .

5.31
4.13

8.52
7.96

3.33
4.12

12843
13088

15153
15155

11

4157C

Belmont

3.44

12.94

4.32

12287

15049

12

4151C

Belmont

4.14

9.38

3.96

12874

15172

1?

4178C

Belmont

2.97

9.97

3.65

12933

15133

7
7

2090M
2656C

Guernsey
Guernsey

6.28
6.65

7.30
10.55

3.55
3.13

12701
12179

14930

14984

PARR -WHEELER — UNIT COAL AND COAL ASH

TABLE 21
UNIT COAL VALUES — (Continued)

63

State
No.

Table
No.

COUNTY

ANALYSES OF COAL
AS RECEIVED

"Unit Coal"
Basis

B. t. u. - 5000 S

Mois-
ture

Ash

Sul-
phur

B. t. u.

1.00 -
(1.08 Ash + 22/40S.)

1
1

2
2
4
4
5
5
3
3
8
8
10
10
9
9
9

1896M
2071C
1898M
2109C
1910M
2083C
1944M
2062C
1900M
2144C
2119M
2559C
3969M
4059C
2208M
2310C
2311C

Jackson

8.45
7.71
9.38
9.01
4.06
3.53
4.69
4.34
10.78
9.90
8.92
7.55
4.46
4.49
6.79
5.59
8.10

6.73
11.95
7.62
11.34
7.75
9.12
6.01
7.30
6.13
11.58
5.85
8.37
8.54
7.53
7.66
8.29
11.93

3.10
4.61
4.08
4.02
3.67
3.47
1.54
1.72
1.11
1.81
3.00
2.84
3.73
2.93
3.34
3.15
3.35

12249
11515
11898
11495
13147
13072
13325
13178
11993
11277
12328
12128
12845
12958
12514
12773
11563

14647
14685
14590
14758
15152
15226
15060
15078
14563
14605
14653
14644
15022
14938
14858
15068
14766

Jackson

Jackson

Jackson

Jefferson
Jefferson

Jefferson

Jefferson

Perry. •

Perry

Perry
Perry
Tuscarawas. . . .
Tuscarawas. . . .
Vinton
Vinton
Vinton

PENNSYLVANIA

10
10

2080M
2229C

Allegheny
Allegheny

3.67
2.61

5.46
6.17

1.37
1.26

13874
13997

15395
15475

13

3437M

Allegheny

2.53

8.98

2.21

13356

15303

13

3879C

Allegheny

2 65

13 16

2 16

12816

15507

8

2014M

Cambria

3 49

5 71

95

14515

16108

8
16
16
18

2152C
4029M
4169C
4348M

Cambria
Cambria
Cambria
Cambria ....

3.51

2.74
4.25
2 66

6.63
7.23
7.87
8.56

.94
1.51
1.59
2.97

14279
14144
13513
13995

16025
15876
15553
16014

18

4509C

Cambria

4 46

8.47

1.49

13682

15903

21

4412M

Fayette

2 82

7.37

1.22

13991

15731

21

4609C

Fayette

5.13

8.71

.86

13365

15675

15

4027M

Indiana

2.84

8.27

3.11

14079

16094

15

4082C

Indiana

3.13

9.81

3.77

13795

16159

15

4104C

Indiana

2 57

10 33

3.97

13712

16072

17
17

4337
4421

Indiana
Indiana

2.22
4 35

8.42
11 90

1.54
1.51

13801
12964

15624
15725

9

2016M

Somerset

2 63

10.21

2.05

13705

15963

9
5
5
11
11
12
12

2199C
1966M
2068C
342 IM
3532C
3441M
4098C

Somerset
Washington. . . .
Washington. . . .
Washington. . . .
Washington
Washington
Washington

3.09
3.01
2.46
2.50
1.95
2.60
1.96

11.33
4.83
6.05
5.34
7.29
5.63
9.25

2.04
.73
.88
1.14
1.18
1.19
2.19

13424
14197
14013
14146
13775
14184
13622

15945
15499
15430
15465
15320
15689
15560

64

ILLINOIS ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION

TABLE 21
UNIT COAL VALUES — (Continued}

ANALYSES OF COAL

"Unit Coal"

AS RECEIVED

Basis

State

Table

COUNTY

No.

No.

B. t. u. - 5000 S

Mois-

Sul-

1.00 -

ture

Ash

phur

B. t. u.

(1.08 Ash + 22/4oS.)

4

1942M

Westmoreland. .

2.73

9.13

1.33

13613

15629

4

2187C

Westmoreland. .

3.15

10.41

1.26

13406

15714

6

1968M

Westmoreland..

4.08

9.50

1.64

13268

15557

6

2161C

Westmoreland. .

3.24

12.52

1.94

12879

15555

7

1994M

Westmoreland. .

3.30

11.18

1.79

13378

15887

7

2154C

Westmoreland. .

4.09

12.47

2.08

13153

16050

19

4352M

Westmoreland. .

2.01

6.32

1.39

14152

15579

19

4489C

Westmoreland. .

3.39

8.36

1.05

13699

15685

20

4350M

Westmoreland..

2.48

9.24

3.03

13822

15936

20

4517C

Westmoreland . .

4.00

10.54

2.85

13347

15899

22

4498C

Westmoreland. .

3.98

10.16

1.00

13311

15693

TENNESSEE

2907M
3016C
2931M
3129C
2929M
3040C
2956M
3058C

Claiborne
iClaiborne
Campbell
Campbell
Campbell
Campbell
Roane
Roane

3.71
4.81
3.61
5.09
4.25
5.38
3.25
6.39

4.74
11.15
3.41
6.81
4.13
7.05
6.61
9.53

1.28
1.58
.83
.98
.93
.99
.85
.98

13804
12569
14130
13295
13666
13048
13514
12578

2958M

Morgan . ...

2.25

6.91

2.96

13851

3050C
2977M
3102C
2979M
3133C

Morgan
Cumberland.. . .
Cumberland. . . .
Fentress
Fentress

5.59
3.80
3.89
3.46
3.03

9.76
4.50
14.43
9.08
12.85

3.23
.78
.78
2.42
3.26

12841
14182
12514
12983
12602

3005M

White

3 01

10 76

3 42

13104

3127C
3128C
2995M
3113C
3114C
3115C

White
White
Grundy
Grundy
Grundy
Grundy

2.63
3.12
3.44
3.92
5.68
4.68

13.42
14.12
9.21
14.09
18.55
9.26

4.38
4.74
.73
.94
.74
.65

12715
12517
13219
12508
11480
13163

3009M

Marion

3.31

13.11

1.30

12193

3471C

Cumberland.. . .

3.53

27.87

.90

10264

15195
15180
15271
15222
15004
15033
15112
15135
15456
15445
15557
15574
15073
15300
15490
15529
15540
15292
15510
15489
15454
15825
15514

TEXAS

1

1196M

Houston

33.50

10.75

.56

7142

13034

1

1456C

Houston

34.70

11.20

.79

7056

13298

2

1241M

Wood

28.86

7.92

.50

7996

12794

2

1597C

Wood

33.71

7.28

.53

7348

12594

PARR -WHEELER — UNIT COAL AND COAL ASH

65

TABLE 21
UNIT COAL VALUES — (Continued)

State
No.

Table

No.

COUNTY

ANALYSES OF COAL
AS RECEIVED

"Unit Coal"
Basis

B. t. u. - 5000 S

Mois-
ture

Ash

Sul-
phur

B. t. u.

1.00 -
(1.08 Ash + 22/40S.)

3
3
4
4

2652M
2734C
2635M
2717C

Milan

36.01
31.06
36.80
33.85

7.38
7.88
6.25
7.30

.77
.99
.53
.51

7132

7870
7101
7497

12759
13059
12598
12885

Milan

Wood

Wood..

1 3199C Carbon

2 3200M Summitt..

UTAH

6.05
14.07

4.87
6.26

.55
1.28

13151
10471

14848
13262

VIRGINIA

1

2268M

Lee

5 69

8 11

2 31

13117

15428

1

2420C

Lee

4 06

4 73

1 20

13826

15267

?

2476C

Lee

3 35

5 58

92

13932

15410

3

2382C

Wise

3 05

4 48

67

14470

15736

4

2323M

Lee

* 3 89

3.06

.34

14144

15253

4

2358C

Lee

4 35

4.33

.79

13939

15353

5
5
5
6

4093M
4287C
4294C
4305M

Montgomery. . .
Montgomery. . .
Montgomery. . .
Tazewell

2.98
4.80
7.52
2.60

21.94
18.03
16.23
4.48

.68
.63
.65
1.35

11669
11961
11893
14636

15949
15825
15900
15867

6

4573C

Tazewell. .

5.62

9.79

1.21

13264

15880

WASHINGTON

1

2456M

King

17.97

7.78

.43

10006

13604

1

2687C

King

16.04

11.53

.61

9938

13920

1

2

2686C
2458M

King
Kittitas

14.30
3.39

11.37
10.39

.72
.33

10208
12847

13930
15059

2

3098C

Kittitas

3.16

12.26

.38

12586

15070

WEST VIRGINIA

6
6

1176M
1390C

Fayette
Fayette

2.10
1 53

3.55
5.05

.75
.65

14900
14807

15870
15944

7

1198M

Fayette

2.12

3.55

.90

14915

15895

7

1595C

Fayette

3.94

4.93

1.16

14382

15898

8
8
9

1257M
1515C
1208M

Fayette
Fayette
Fayette

1.90
4.16
1.98

4.87
7.17
3.76

.64
.90
.85

14452
13786
14738

15591
15686
15825

9

1561C

Fayette

4 08

6 58

.77

13925

15712

66

ILLINOIS ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION

TABLE 21
UNIT COAL VALUES — (Continued}

State
No.

Table
No.

COUNTY

ANALYSES OF COAL
AS RECEIVED

"Unit Coal"
Basis

B. t. u. - 5000 S

Mois-
ture

Ash

Sul-
phur

B. t. u.

1.00 -
(1.08 Ash + 22/40S.)

13
13
14
14
19
19
2
2
15
15
20
20
21
21
22
22
22
23
23
23
25
25
11
11
12
12
12
1
1
16
16
10
10
18
18
3
3
4
4
4
4
17
17
5
5

1867M
2028C
1870M
2004C
2359M
2549C
1103M
1308C
2039M
2195C
2375M
2556C.
2377M
2572C
3456M
3457M
3905C
3458M
3965C
3625C
4291M
4360C
1234M
1472C
1238M
1242M
1364C
1088M
1213C
2041M
2264C
1240M
1471C
2348M
2527C
1108M
1252C
1116M
2054M
1262C
2250C
2056M
2332C
1144M
1297C

Fayette

5.48
3.74
2.96
5.09
3.26
2.96
1.98
1.95
2.80
2.01
2.66
2.82
3.57
3.57
2.75
3.49
3.42
3.13
2.05
3.25
3.91
4.21
2.21
4.07
1.92
3.48
1.72
1 .40
1.75
2.89
5.57
2.93
1.75
2.81
2.86
2.90
2.29
2.26
3.57
1.48
3.91
3.22
3.46
2.82
1.45

2.29
3.91
7.44
3.27
2.46
5.01
9.08
7.86
5.55
8.55
4.44
8.03
3.62
4.85
5.49
6.44
7.82
3.54
8.10
7.58
7.68
7.22
5.25
11.12
4.39
3.90
6.87
6.67
6.34
5.71
8.37
3.62
4.58
6.50
5.83
8.19
10.23
7.74
6.21
8.39
10.11
7.33
8.12
10.45
10.10

.79
.89
1.04
1.03
.78
.89
4.20
3.48
2.40
2.54
1.14
1.38
1.14
1.32
.63
.63
.83
.59
1.35
1.22
.64
.64
.44
.51
.52
.73
.68
1.59
.90
.69
1.20
.48
.56
.66
.67
.75
1.06
.85
.85
.90
1.07
1.73
1.45
1.00
.98

14454
14436
13972
14110
14773
14425
13466
13790
14105
13811
14368
13766
14173
13948
13813
13813
13486
13963
13707
13523
13471
13379
14792
13509
14926
14731
14571
14063
14107
14540
13093
14924
15023
13957
14106
13941
13558
13999
14218
14069
13370
13995
13869
13475
13718

15734
15721
15741
15480
15733
15780
15432
15536
15558
15664
15571
15609
15362
15346
15149
15449
15335
15027
15420
15317
15199
15229
16075
16122
16013
15989
16065
15447
15450
16020
15701
JL6039
16125
15504
15554
15829
15689
15697
15882
15764
15744
15822
15861
15731
15693

Fayette . .

Fayette . ...

Fayette
Fayette
Fayette

Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Kanawha
Kanawha
Kanawha
Kanawha
Kanawha

Kanawha

Kanawha
Kanawha

Kanawha
Kanawha

Kanawha

Kanawha

McDowell
McDowell
McDowell
McDowell
McDowell
Marion

Marion
Marion
Marion

Mercer

Mercer

Mingo

Mingo

Monongalia. . . .
Monongalia. . . .
Preston

Preston
Preston

Preston
Preston
Preston
Randolph
Randolph

PARR -WHEELER — UNIT COAL AND COAL ASH

TABLE 21
UNIT COAL VALUES — (Concluded)

State

No.

Table

No.

COUNTY

ANALYSES OF COAL
AS RECEIVED

"Unit Coal"
Basis

B. t. u. - 5000 S

Mois-
ture

Ash

Sul-
phur

B. t. u.

1.00 -
(1.08 Ash + 22/40S.)

WYOMING

1368M
1479C
1376M
1571C

Sheridan
Sheridan
Weston
Weston

22.00
22.63
8.60
9.44

3.37
4.50
21.90
20.72

.60
.59
4.94
3.91

9796
9734
9709
9650

2131C

Weston

8.93

20.79

4.03

10001

1976M

Crook

17.74

11.55

7.03

9527

2278C
3160M
3363C
3396C

Crook
Carbon
Carbon
Carbon

15.12
12.32
11.30
12.40

16.70
5.19
7.31

6.77

6.66
.23
.28
.26

8928
11102
10755
10706

3164M
3213C
3202M
3390C

Sweetwater. . . .
Sweetwater. . . .
Uinta
Uinta. .

12.41
11.64
20.57
19.00

2.52
3.41
2.63
3.12

.80
.81
.51
.49

11920
11768
10237
10307

13192
13444
14550
14320
14757
13918
13604
13534
13316
13341
14071
13923
13383
13293

ALASKA

2479

4.43

4.65

2483

13.89

7.23

2219

6.74

12.47

2222

2 55

6 05

2224
2227

6.60
.90

10.87
4.90

,51

.82
.44
.57
.41
.60

13640
12137
11968
13711
11338
14868

15083
15537
15017
15101
13898
15873

4079C|

ARGENTINA, SOUTH AMERICA
| 7.67 f 42.85 | 1.21 [ 6320

13792

BRAZIL, SOUTH AMERICA

172
173

Dry Coal
Dry Coal

27.54
27.84

3.02
4.53

10028
9830

14398
14241

PUBLICATIONS OB THE .ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION

Bulletin No, 1. Tests of Reinforced Concrete Beams, by Arthur N. Talbot. 1904. (Out
of print).

Circular No. 1. High-Speed Tool Steels, by L. P. Breckenridge. 1905. ( Out of print).

Bulletin No. 2. Tests of High-Speed Tool Steels on Cast Iron, by L. P. Breckenridge and
Henry B. Dirks. 1905. (Out of print).

Circular No. 2. Drainage of Earth Roads, by Ira O. Baker. 1906. (Out of print).

Circular No. 3. Fuel Tests with Illinois Coal. (Compiled from tests made by the Tech-
nologic Branch of the U. S .G. S., at the St. Louis, Mo., Fuel Testing Plant. 1904-1907, by L. P.
Breckenridge and Paul Diserens. 1909.

Bulletin No. 3. The Engineering Experiment Station of the University of Illinois, by
L. P. Breckenridge. 1906. (Out of print) .

Bulletin No. 4. Tests of Reinforced Concrete Beams, Series of 1905, by Arthur N. Talbot.
1906.

Bulletin No. 5. Resistance of Tubes to Collapse, by Albert P. Carman. 1906. (Out of
print).

Bulletin No. 6. Holding Power of Railroad Spikes, by Roy I. Webber. 1906. (Out of print).

Bulletin No. 7. Fuel Tests with Illinois Coals, by L. P. Breckenridge, S. W. Parr, and
Henry B. Dirks. 1906.

Bulletin No. 8. Tests of Concrete: I. Shear; II. Bond, by Arthur N. Talbot. 1906. (Out
of print).

Bulletin No. 9. An Extension of the Dewey Decimal System of Classification Applied to
the Engineering Industries, by L. P. Breckenridge and G. A. Goodenough. 1906. (Out of print) .

Bulletin No. 10. Tests of Concrete and Reinforced Concrete Columns, Series of 1906, by
Arthur N . Talbot. 1907. ( Out of print ) .

Bulletin No. 11. The Effect of Scale on the Transmission of Heat through Locomotive
Boiler Tubes, by Edward C. Schmidt and John M. Snodgrass. 1907. (Out of print).

Bulletin No. 12. Tests of Reinforced Concrete T-beams, Series of 1906, by Arthur N.
Talbot. 1907. (Out of print).

Bulletin No. 13. An Extension of the Dewey Decimal System of Classification Applied to
Architecture and Building, by N. Clifford Ricker. 1907.

Bulletin No. 14. Tests of Reinforced Concrete Beams, Series of 1906, by Arthur N.
Talbot. 1907. (Out of print).

Bulletin No. 15. How to Burn Illinois Coal without Smoke, by L. P. Breckenridge. 1908

Bulletin No. 16. A Study of Roof Trusses, by N. Clifford Ricker. 1908.

Bulletin No. 17. The Weathering of Coal, by S. W. Parr, N. D. Hamilton, and W. F.
Wheeler. 1908. (Out of print).

Bulletin No. 18. The Strength of Chain Links, by G. A. Goodenough and L. E. Moore. 1908.

Bulletin No. 19. Comparative Tests of Carbon, Metallized Carbon and Tantalum Filament
Lamps, by T. H. Amrine. 1908. (Out of print).

Bulletin No. 20. Tests of Concrete and Reinforced Concrete Columns, Series of 1907, by

Arthur N. Talbot. J908. (Out of print).

Bulletin No. 21. Tests of a Liquid Air Plant, by C. S. Hudson and C. M. Garland. 1908.

Bulletin No. 22. Tests of Cast-Iron and Reinforced Concrete Culvert Pipe, by Aithur N.
Talbot. 1908.

Bulletin No. 23. Voids, Settlement and Weight of Crushed Stone, by Ira O. Baker. 1908.

Bulletin No. 24. The Modification of Illinois Coal by Low Temperature Distillation, by
S. W. Parr and C. K. Francis. 1908.

Bulletin No. 25. Lighting Country Homes by Private Electric Plants, by T. H. Amrine. 1908.

Bulletin No. 26. High Steam- Pressures in Locomotive Service. A Review of a Report to the
Carnegie Institution of Washington. By W. F. M. Goss. 1908.

Bulletin No. 27. Tests of Brick Columns and Terra Gotta Block Columns, by Arthur N.
Talbot and Duff A. Abrams. 1909.

Bulletin No. 28. A Test of Three Large Reinforced Concrete Beams, by Arthur N. Talbot.
1909,

Bulletin No. 29. Tests of Reinforced Concrete Beams: Resistance to Web Stresses, by
Arthur N. Talbot, 1909.

Bulletin No. 30. On the Rate of Formation of Carbon Monoxide in Gas Producers, by J. K.
Clement, L. H. Adams and C. N. Haskins. 1909.

Bulletin No. 51. Fuel Tests with House-heating Boilers, by J. M. Snodgrass. 1909.

Bulletin No. 32. Occluded Gases in Coal, by S. W. Parr and Perry Barker. 1909.

Bulletin No. 33. Tests of Tungsten Lamps, by T. H. Amrine and A. Guell. 1909.

Bulletin No. 34- Tests of Two Types of Tile Roof Furnaces under a Water-tube Boiler, by
J. M. Snodgrass. 1909.

Bulletin No. 35. A Study of Base and Bearing Plates for Columns and Beams, by
N. Clifford Ricker. 1909

Bulletin No. 36. The Thermal Conductivity of Fire Clay at High Temperetures, by J. K.
Clement and W. L. Egy. 1909.

Bulletin No. 37. Unit Coal and the Composition of Coal Ash, by S. W. Parr and W. F
Wheeler. 1909.

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS

THE STATE UNIVERSITY

THE UNIVERSITY INCLUDES THE

COLLEGE OF LITERATURE AND ARTS (Ancient and Modern
Languages and Literatures, Philosophical and Political Sci-
ence Groups of Studies, Economics, Commerce and Industry.)

COLLEGE OP ENGINEERING (Unexcelled library; spacious
buildings; well-equipped laboratories and shops. Graduate
and undergraduate courses in Architecture; Architectural
Engineering; Architectural Decoration; Civil Engineering;
Municipal and Sanitary Engineering; Electrical Engineering;
Mechanical Engineering, Mining Engineering, Railway En-
gineering.

COLLEGE OP SCIENCE (Astronomy, Botany, Chemistry, Ge-
ology, Mathematics, Physics, Physiology, Zoology).

COLLEGE OP AGRICULTURE (Animal Husbandry, Agronomy,
Dairy Husbandry, Horticulture, Veterinary Science, House-
hold Science).

COLLEGE OF LAW (Three years' course).

COLLEGE OP MEDICINE (College of Physician* and Surgeons,
Chicago). (Four years' course).

COLLEGE OP DENTISTRY (Chicago). (Three years' course).

SCHOOLS — GRADUATE SCHOOL, MUSIC (Voice, Piano, Vio-
lin), LIBRARY SCIENCE, PHARMACY (Chicago), EDU-
CATION, RAILWAY ENGINEERING AND ADMINISTRA-
TION.

A Summer School with a session of nine weeks is open each
summer.

A Military Regiment is organized at the University for instruc-
tion in Military Science. Closely connected with the work
of the University are students' organizations for educational
and social purposes. (Glee and Mandolin Clubs; Literary,
Scientific, and Technical Societies and Clubs, Young Men's
and Young Women's Christian Associations).

United States Experiment Station, State Laboratory of Natural
History, Biological Experiment Station on Illinois River,
State Water Survey, State Geological Survey

Engineering Experiment Station. A department organized to
investigate problems of importance to the engineering and
manufacturing interests of the State.

The Library contains 122,000 volumes and 14,000 pamphlets.
Ifce University offers 526 Free Scholarship*.

For catalogs and information address

W. L. P1LLSBURY, Regtarar,

Urbana, Illinois.

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